消费者获取智能汽车数据的权利证成与规范实现  

The Justification and Litigation of Consumers’Right to Access Smart Car Data

作　　者：杨洁[1] YANG Jie(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京210096

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期91-102,共12页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“智能汽车产品质量安全法律治理研究”(18CFX062)。

摘　　要：赋予消费者获取智能汽车数据的权利,可解决消费者和汽车运营商间的信息不对称问题。以数据提供形式满足消费者知情权具有规范基础和裁判先例,但因法律对知情权客体采用的“概括+列举式”规定,汽车数据可否作为法定知情对象存有争议。无论是采用文义解释、目的解释、体系解释抑或比较法解释,汽车数据都可被阐释为法定知情对象。消费者获取智能汽车数据的请求,可以通过汽车运营商履行法定义务、约定义务和自愿提供三种方式实现。汽车运营商履行数据提供义务,应当遵循适当性原则;必须依法提供的数据范围,应当以数据对汽车安全运行状态具有可解释性为限。在“保护法”模式下,国家负有保护消费者获取汽车数据权利的义务,要配套落实汽车数据法定提供内容、数据提供义务履行时效、数据接入政府监控平台等规则要求。Granting consumers consumers’right to access smart car data can solve the problem of information asymmetry between consumers and car operators.Providing data to satisfy consumers’right to know has a legal basis and is supported by judicial precedents.However,because the legal definition of the object of the right to know is defined in a“general+enumerated”manner,there is a dispute about whether smart car data can be a legally defined object of consumers’right to know.Whether using linguistic interpretation,purposive interpretation,systemic interpretation,or comparative law interpretation,smart car data can be interpreted as a legally defined object of consumers’right to know.Consumers’requests for access to smart car data can be fulfilled in three ways:car operators fulfilling their legal and contractual obligations or voluntarily providing such data.When fulfilling their obligation to provide data,car operators should follow the principle of appropriateness.The scope of car data that must be provided by law should be limited to data that can interpret the operational safety status of the car.In the“consumer protection”model,the state has an obligation to protect the consumer’s right to access car data.Therefore,rules and requirements should be established to specify the legally required content of car data to be provided,the time limit for fulfilling the obligation to provide data,and the access of data to government monitoring platforms.

关 键 词：智能汽车数据 消费者知情权 副本获取权 访问权 国家保护义务 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]