基于多智能体的黄土高原沟壑区农村居民点优化布局  

Optimal Layout of Rural Settlements in Gully Areas of the Loess Plateau Based on Multi-agent Bodies

作　　者：石云[1] 朱晓雯 李建华[1] 马小燕 赵娜[1] 佘洁 SHI Yun;ZHU Xiaowen;LI Jianhua;MA Xiaoyan;ZHAO Na;SHE Jie(School of Geography and Planning,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;Mapping and Geographic Information Institute,Department of Natural Resources of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia China;Achievement Quality Testing Center,Department of Natural Resources of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院,中国宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏回族自治区自然资源厅测绘地理信息院,中国宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏回族自治区自然资源厅成果质量检测中心,中国宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《经济地理》2023年第7期170-178,共9页Economic Geography

基　　金：中国工程院院地合作重大战略研究项目(2021NXZD8);宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2019BEG03049);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2022AAC02020)。

摘　　要：为实现黄土高原生境脆弱区农村居民点“精明收缩”,文章以生态宜居为导向,基于改进空间引力模型、网络节点中心性和多智能体模型等方法,以宁夏西吉县为例,研究黄土高原沟壑区农村居民点优化布局。结果显示:①县域综合景观生态安全格局呈现“北低南高、团状圈层”分布,位于较低、低安全水平地区的农村居民点面积占总量的24.88%。②农村居民点中心度呈“西低东高”分布,三、四级节点对应的行政村数量和农村居民点面积占比分别为59.80%和63.23%。③结合景观生态安全格局评价和农村居民点中心度,将村庄划分为集聚提升类、整治改善类、城市兼并类和搬迁撤并类,搬迁撤并类村庄和部分整治改善类村庄位于较低生态安全水平区域,节点级别较低,村庄空间布局需要进一步优化。④经多智能体系统优化布局后,综合效用值提高8.16%,紧凑度提高16.27%,农村居民点面积减少了11.50 km^(2),数量减少了308个。农村居民点优化后适宜性变化不大,紧凑度和综合效用较之前有显著提升,农村居民点破碎度降低,零星分布减少。In order to achieve"smart shrinkage"of rural settlements in the fragile habitats of the Loess Plateau,the study analyzes the optimal layout of rural settlements in Xiji County of Ningxia from the perspective of ecological livability using the methods of the improved spatial gravity model,the network node centrality and the multi-intelligence body model.The results show that:1)The pattern of the comprehensive landscape ecological security shows the distribution characteristic which is lower in the north of Xiji County and higher in the south of Xiji County,and doughnut-shaped circle,the area of village settlements located in the lower and low security levels accounts for 24.88%of the total area.2)The centrality degree of rural settlements shows the"lower in the west of Xiji County and higher in the east of Xiji County"distribution pattern,the number of administrative villages and the area of rural settlements corresponding to the third and fourth level nodes account for 59.8%and 63.23%respectively.3)Combining the evaluation of landscape ecological security pattern and the centrality degree of rural settlements,the villages are classified into four types:clustering and upgrading type,improvement type,urban annexation type,relocation and evacuation type.The villages belonging to the relocation and evacuation type and the improvement type are located in areas with the lower ecological security level and the lower node level,it should further optimize the spatial layout of villages.4)After the optimal layout of the multi-intelligence system,the comprehensive utility value increases by 8.16%,the compactness degree increases by 16.27%,the area of village settlements decreases by 11.50 km^(2)and the number of village settlements decreases by 308.The village settlements have little change in suitability after the optimization,but it has a significant improvement in compactness degree and comprehensive utility,reduces the fragmentation degree of rural residential areas and the sporadic distribution.

关 键 词：生态安全 宜居性 多智能体 黄土高原沟壑区 农村居民点 村庄撤并 布局优化 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] F301[经济管理—产业经济]