饲料中n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响  

Effects of dietary different n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of juvenile freshwater giant prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

作　　者：吕红雨 周越 舒皝 王伟隆 黄旭雄[1,2,3] LÜHongyu;ZHOU Yue;SHU Huang;WANG Weilong;HUANG Xuxiong(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Fishery Science Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,上海市水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第9期133-144,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目(2021-02-08-00-12-F00761)。

摘　　要：为探讨饲料多不饱和脂肪酸n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长性能、虾体肌肉组成、抗氧化能力、血清生理指标以及消化能力的影响,实验设计了n-3 PUFA/n-6PUFA比值分别为0.37(D1)、0.59(D2)、0.93(D3)、1.51(D4)和4.38(D5)的5种等氮等脂饲料饲喂罗氏沼虾幼虾8周,每组设4重复,每个重复40尾虾。结果显示,饲料n-3PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值对罗氏沼虾幼虾存活率(SR)无显著影响;实验虾终末体重(FW)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)随饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值增加先升后降,均在D3组最高;且D3组虾有最大的肝胰腺蛋白酶活性及脂肪酸合成酶活性。虾体肌肉粗蛋白质、水分和灰分含量不受饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值影响,但总脂肪含量在D3组显著高于其他组;各组虾体肌肉的n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值的变化趋势与饲料的n-3 PUFA/n-6PUFA比值变化趋势呈正相关。随饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值增加,实验虾血清和肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和血清铜蓝蛋白(CP)含量均呈现先升后降趋势,并在n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值为0.93~1.51时达到最大,但丙二醛(MDA)含量持续上升;D1组血清总胆固醇(T-CHO)和甘油三酯(TG)含量显著高于其他组;血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性先降后升,且D3组最低。研究表明,饲料适宜的n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA可显著提升罗氏沼虾生长性能和抗氧化能力,对增重率和特定生长率进行折线回归,建议罗氏沼虾幼虾饲料中最适n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值为0.86~0.94。An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratios on the growth performance,muscle quality,antioxidant capacity,serum physiological indicators and digestibility of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were formulated with graded levels of n-3/n-6 PUFA(D1:0.37,D2:0.59,D3:0.93,D4:1.51,D5:4.38),with four replicates,40 shrimps each.The results showed that the dietary n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio did not significantly affect survival rate(SR).The final weight(FW),weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)of the shrimp first increased and then declined with the increase of dietary n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio,with the D3 group displaying the highest values.The D3 group also displayed the highest hepatopancreas protease and fatty acid synthetase(FAS)activities.Dietary n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio had no significant effect on the muscular crude protein content,moisture and ash content of the shrimp,but the D3 group showed the highest muscular total lipid content which was significantly higher than those of other groups.The variation trend of muscular n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio in shrimp was positively correlated with the variation trend of dietary n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio.The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in hepatopancreas and serum as well as the ceruloplasmin(CP)content in serum first increased and then decreased with the increase of dietary n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio and peaked in D3(0.93)group and D4(1.51)group,but the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)rose continuously.The content of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum of D1 group were significantly higher than those of other group as the dietary n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio increased.The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in the serum of the shrimp first declined and then increased and the D3 group had the lowest values.It is therefore suggested that an appropriate dietary n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio signifi

关 键 词：罗氏沼虾 生长 脂肪酸 n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值 抗氧化能力 

分 类 号：S963.71[农业科学—水产养殖]