论规范竞合下先诉抗辩权适用之冲突与选择  

On the Conflict and Choice of the Application of Beneficium Ordinis in the Case of Norm Contestation

作　　者：杨帆[1] 吕士哲 Yang Fan;Lyu Shizhe(Shool of Law,South-Central Minzu University,Wuhan,Hubei 430074)

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学法学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2023年第5期126-134,共9页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2021年中南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“新时代志愿服务参与应急管理的实现机制研究”(项目编号:CSQ21012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现行司法解释对一般保证人先诉抗辩权的规定存在部分冲突,导致实践中法院处理相关民事纠纷时因依据的条文不同,存在直接驳回起诉和通知追加为共同被告两种不同的处理方式。究其根本,在于目前司法解释形式规范效力的龃龉,以及理论观点的散化。“起诉说”严格为先诉抗辩权的备位性张目却落入形式的“窠臼”,既不能保证抗辩权的主动性,又无法控制诉讼成本,实现诉讼经济;而“执行说”则将诉讼程式延宕至执行阶段且对执行机关降之以严格的“识别义务”,有违我国“审执分立”之初衷。在此情况下,先诉抗辩权的路径选择可在“诉讼说”基础上辅以法官适度释明,从而在法律适用层面上缓解当前一般保证人先诉抗辩权的规范竞合问题。There are some conflicts in the current judicial interpretations regarding the general guarantor’s beneficium ordinis.As a result,there are two different methods of handling the same kind of case in practice:directly rejecting the lawsuit or notifying the principal to be added as a co-defendant,since the courts deal wiht the related civil disputes based on different provisions.The reason lies in the current discord in the effectiveness of judicial interpretations and the fragmentation of theoretical viewpoints.The“suing theory”is strictly a backup for the right of beneficium ordinis,but it falls into the“set pattern”of the form,which can neither guarantee the initiative of the beneficium ordinis,nor control the cost of litigation,so as to realize the litigation economy,while the“execution theory”extends the litigation procedure to the execution stage and imposes strict“identification obligations”on the enforcement agencies,which is contrary to the original intention of“separation of trial and enforcement”in China.In this case,the path choice of beneficium ordiniscan be based on the“litigation theory”supplemented by a moderate explanation by the judge,so as to alleviate the problem of the current norm contestaion of the general guarantor’s beneficium ordinis at the legal application level.

关 键 词：一般保证 规范竞合 先诉抗辩权 释明义务 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]