中枢听觉神经系统在人类言语发展中的功能机制  

The functional mechanisms of the central auditory nervous system in human speech development

作　　者：俞欣悦 孙钰英 洪琴[3] Yu Xinyue;Sun Yuying;Hong Qin(School of Pediatrics,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China;School of Nursing,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China;Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital,Nanjing 210004,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学儿科学院,南京210029 [2]南京医科大学护理学院,南京210029 [3]南京医科大学附属妇产医院,南京210004

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2023年第8期763-768,共6页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：江苏省妇幼健康科研项目(F202017,F202113);南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目(YKK21157)。

摘　　要：言语的发展是大脑神经网络结构对输入信号进行感知、解码、表征和输出的过程。经典语音处理模型在皮层水平提出了由听觉系统引出的两条途径:腹侧流和背侧流。腹侧流涉及颞叶上部和中部的结构,参与言语的感知和理解(言语识别),背侧流涉及后额叶及颞叶和顶叶后背侧的大部分结构,具有听觉-运动整合功能,与言语生成密切相关。然而自前庭蜗神经到听觉皮层的中枢听觉神经系统(central auditory nervous system,CANS)的听处理过程对言语发展的重要性尚未阐明,本文旨在从认知神经科学范畴综述CANS在言语识别及生成中的作用及相关机制,从而为听处理及言语发育临床监测、言语发展的远期预测以及临床言语相关疾病的诊疗提供新思路。The development of speech is a process by which the neural network structure of brain perceives,decodes,represents,and outputs input signals.At the cortical level,the classic model of speech processing proposed two pathways leading from the auditory system:the ventral stream and the dorsal stream.The ventral stream,which involved structures in the superior and middle portions of the temporal lobe,was involved in processing speech signals for perception and comprehension(speech recognition).The dorsal stream,which involved structures in the posterior frontal lobe and the posterior dorsal-most aspect of the temporal lobe and parietal operculum,had an auditory-motor integration function and was essential for speech production.However,the importance of auditory processing in central auditory nervous system(CANS)from the vestibulocochlear nerve to the auditory cortex for speech development had not been clarified.This review aims to discuss the roles and related mechanisms of the CANS in speech recognition and generation from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience,so as to provide new ideas for clinical monitoring and long-term prediction of auditory processing and speech development,and for diagnosis and treatment of clinical speech-related diseases.

关 键 词：中枢听觉神经系统 语音处理 听处理 言语感知 言语生成 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]