个人信息保护民事公益诉讼案件范围研究  

Research on the scope of civil public interest litigation on personal information protection

作　　者：杨雅妮[1] YANG Yani(Law School,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学法学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期216-229,共14页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金项目“检察机关办理公益诉讼案件民行刑衔接机制研究”(21XFX015)。

摘　　要：为保障个人信息保护民事公益诉讼制度的正确实施,应当通过规范解读、实证考察、理论分析等多种手段,综合运用价值分析法、实证研究法等具体研究方法,对该类诉讼的案件范围进行研究。研究认为,《个人信息保护法》第70条虽然从被诉行为、适格被告、救济客体以及损害后果等方面对该类诉讼的案件范围进行了初步界定,但在规范、实践及理论三重视角下,个人信息保护民事公益诉讼案件范围仍呈现出对被诉行为的违法性要求过于严苛、对适格被告范围的理解与立法规定的诉讼类型不符、将“众多”个人利益简单等同于社会公共利益,以及尚未将侵害“众多”个人权益的“风险”纳入救济范围等诸多问题。在此背景下,要科学界定该类诉讼的案件范围,应当遵循法定性、必要性及合政策性标准,一是只有个人信息处理者的违法行为在实质上侵害社会公共利益时,才属于该类诉讼的案件范围;二是只有当受侵害利益无法通过共同诉讼、代表人诉讼等私益诉讼机制获得司法救济时,才有必要将其纳入该类诉讼的案件范围;三是应当充分发挥政策的引导作用,留意政策倾向的价值维度,以积极、稳妥的态度对待政策对社会公共利益的指引,避免对案件范围的盲目扩大或不当缩减。具体而言,一是应将被诉行为的范围拓展为“违反国家规定”的行为,即仅就被诉行为而言,只要是“违反国家规定”的行为,就属于该类诉讼的案件范围;二是《个人信息保护法》第70条规定的诉讼类型属于民事公益诉讼,行政机关不能成为该类诉讼的适格被告,以行政机关为被告的诉讼不属于该类诉讼的案件范围;三是不能仅因受侵害对象人数“众多”就将其纳入该类诉讼的案件范围,应将是否侵害“社会公共利益”作为判断救济范围的实质性标准;四是为提前规避“实害”的发生,应In order to guarantee the correct implementation of the civil public interest litigation system for personal information protection,the scope of such litigation cases should be studied through various means such as normative interpretation,empirical investigation and theoretical analysis,and by using a combination of specific research methods such as the value analysis method and the empirical research method.The study concluded that although Article 70 of the Personal Information Protection Law has initially defined the scope of such lawsuits in terms of the act to be sued,the eligible defendants,the object of relief and the consequences of damage,the scope of civil public interest litigation for personal information protection still presents many problems from the perspective of regulation,practice and theory,such as the requirement of the illegality of the act to be sued is too harsh,the understanding of the scope of the eligible defendants is not consistent with the type of lawsuits stipulated in the legislation,the simple equation of“numerous”personal interests with social public interests,and the“risk”of infringing“numerous”personal rights and interests has not been included in the scope of relief.In this context,to scientifically define the scope of such litigation cases,it is necessary to follow the standards of legality,necessity,and policy conformity.First,only when the illegal behavior of personal information processors substantially infringes on the social public interest does it belong to the scope of this type of litigation.Second,only when the harmed interests cannot be remedied through private litigation mechanisms such as joint litigation and representative litigation is it necessary to include them in the scope of this type of litigation.Third,the guiding role of policies should be fully utilized,and the value dimension of policy orientation should be taken into account.A positive and prudent attitude should be adopted towards policy guidance on social public interests to avoid blind

关 键 词：个人信息保护 民事公益诉讼 行为违法性 “众多” 社会公共利益 损害 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]