学龄前散光儿童近视化进展及影响因素分析  

Analysis of progress and influencing factors of myopia in preschool children with astigmatism

作　　者：王立华 陈巍 王芬 刘新丽 冯晶晶 仝欢 浦佳宁 邢杉杉 Wang Lihua;Chen Wei;Wang Fen;Liu Xinli;Feng Jingjing;Tong Huan;Pu Jianing;Xing Shanshan(Department of Ophthalmology,Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区妇幼保健院眼科,100080

出　　处：《北京医学》2023年第6期507-511,共5页Beijing Medical Journal

基　　金：北京市海淀区预防医学会课题(2019HDPMA17)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨学龄前散光儿童化近视化进展并分析等效球镜度(spherical equivalent,SE)和眼轴(axial length,AL)变化量的影响因素。方法 选取2021年1—9月北京市海淀区妇幼保健院眼科门诊就诊的学龄前散光儿童,1年后随访患儿SE和AL的变化量,采用多重线性回归分析SE和AL变化量的影响因素。结果 共纳入179例患儿,其中男89例,女90例,年龄3~<7岁,平均(4.3±0.9)岁。1年复查时散光儿童SE降低0.63(0.25,0.75)D,AL增加(0.25±0.11)mm,AL/角膜曲率半径(corneal radius,CR)增加0.03±0.02。多重线性回归结果显示,基线AL和戴镜矫正是SE变化量的影响因素(P <0.05),其中基线AL对SE变化量影响最大,其次是戴镜矫正,SE变化量随着基线AL增加,未戴镜矫正者增加;基线AL、父母近视、戴镜矫正和近距离用眼是AL变化量的影响因素(P <0.05),其中基线AL对AL变化量影响最大,其次是近距离用眼时间和戴镜矫正,父母近视影响最小,AL变化量随着基线AL增加、近距离用眼时间增加,未戴镜矫正者、父母近视者而增加。结论 学龄前散光儿童的屈光度向近视化方向发展。基线AL、近距离用眼、父母近视是散光儿童近视化进展的危险因素,戴镜矫正可延缓散光儿童近视化进展。Objective To explore the progress of myopia in preschool children with astigmatismthe and analyze the influencing factors of the changes of equivalent spherical power(SE) and axial length(AL).Methods Preschool children with astigmatism from the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department of Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Beijing from January to September 2021 were selected,and the changes of SE and AL of the children were follow up for one year,multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of changes of SE and AL.Results A total of 179 children were included,including 89 males and 90 females,aged from 3 to 6 years,with an average age of(4.3 ± 0.9) years.SE in astigmatic children decreased by 0.63(0.25,0.75) D,AL increased by(0.25 ± 0.11) mm,and AL/CR increased by(0.03 ± 0.02) at one year follow-up.Multiple linear regression results showed that baseline AL and refractive correction with glasses were influencing factors for SE changes(P<0.05),among which baseline AL had the greatest influence on SE changes,followed by refractive correction with glasses.The change in SE increased with the increase in baseline AL and correction without glasses.Baseline AL,parents' myopia,glasses-wearing correction and short-distance use of eyes were the influencing factors of AL changes(P<0.05),among which baseline AL had the greatest influence on AL change,followed by short-distance use of eyes and glasses-wearing correction,while parents' myopia had the least influence,and the change in AL increased with the increase in baseline AL,short-distance use of eyes,no glasses-wearing correction and parents' myopia.Conclusions The diopter of preschool children with astigmatism is developing towards myopia.Baseline AL,short-distance use of eyes and parents' myopia are risk factors for myopia progression of children with astigmatism,and refractive correction with glasses can delay myopia progression of children with astigmatism.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 散光 等效球镜度 眼轴 角膜曲率半径 近视化 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]