经济收敛与环境失衡:基于西部大开发战略的研究  

Economic Convergence and Environmental Disparities:Evidence from theWestern Development Program

作　　者：马倩倩 陈诗一[1] Ma Qianqian;Chen Shiyi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《世界经济》2023年第8期108-133,共26页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会创新研究群体项目“中国经济发展规律与治理机制研究”(72121002);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“基于中国实践的绿色发展理论研究”(22JJD790058)的资助。

摘　　要：区域发展政策不仅要发挥协调区域经济平衡发展的作用,还必须体现绿色可持续发展的思想,这是新发展理念的基本要求。基于中国工业企业污染排放数据与工业企业数据的合并数据,本文使用双重差分策略系统考察西部大开发战略对区域经济增长与环境污染的影响。研究显示,西部大开发战略能够有效弥合地区间经济增长数量差距,政策实行显著促进了西部地区企业工业增加值的提高,但也导致了环境污染的增加。进一步研究发现,加强环境规制、提高城市化水平、促进产业结构升级有助于缓解西部大开发战略产生的污染效应。机制分析表明,西部大开发战略带来环境污染是由规模效应主导而非技术效应引致,优惠政策则通过降低企业税收、提升企业利润、吸引企业进入与减少企业退出实现经济规模扩增。本文揭示出西部大开发战略引发经济收敛与环境失衡的矛盾,未来区域协调发展政策需要权衡经济增长与环境改善,以服务经济高质量发展的根本目标。Place-based policies should promote regional economic development and reflect the ideology of sustainable green development,as required by the new development philosophy.Based on matching China’s Industrial Enterprise Pollution Database and China’s Industrial Enterprise Database,this paper employs the difference-in-difference strategy to systematically evaluate the Western Development Program(WDP)’s effects on economic growth and environmental pollution.The study provides convincing evidence that the WDP effectively bridges the quantitative gap in economic growth between regions,with the industrial value-added of firms in the western region increasing.However,the implementation of the WDP has led to the deterioration of environmental pollution.In addition,this paper emphasizes that strengthening environmental regulation,improving the level of urbanization,and upgrading the industrial structure can alleviate the pollution effect generated by the WDP.Furthermore,mechanism analysis shows that environmental pollution caused by the WDP is dominated by scale effect rather than technique effect.Various preferential policies achieve the expansion of economic scale by reducing taxes,increasing firms’profits,lowering firm exit,and attracting firms to settle.The results reveal that the WDP causes a contradiction between economic convergence and environmental disparities.Therefore,considering that the Chinese economy is transitioning from high-growth to highquality development,it is essential to incorporate environmental pollution into the analysis framework of the place-based policy evaluation,which ultimately is the most important contribution of this research.In the future,rational place-based policy-making should balance economic growth and environmental protection to achieve the target of high-quality development.

关 键 词：经济增长 环境污染 区域发展政策 环境规制 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F127[经济管理—世界经济]