南京禄口国际机场鸟类群落功能和谱系多样性及鸟击防范研究  

Functional and Phylogenetic Bird Diversity and Bird Strike Avoidance at Nanjing Lukou International Airport

作　　者：周雨桐 徐嘉晖 胡东方 赵阳 李权衡 孙健翔 陈婉[1] 常青[2] 李鹏[2,4] 胡超超 Zhou Yutong;Xu Jiahui;Hu Dongfang;Zhao Yang;Li Quanheng;Sun Jianxiang;Chen Wan;Chang Qing;Li Peng;Hu Chaochao(College of Environment and Ecology,Jiangsu Open University,Nanjing 210036,China;School of Life Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Nanjing Lukou International Airport,Nanjing 211113,China;Jiangsu Agricultural Biodiversity Cultivation and Utilization Research Center,Nanjing 210014,China;Analytical and Testing Center,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏开放大学环境生态学院,江苏南京210036 [2]南京师范大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210023 [3]南京禄口国际机场,江苏南京211113 [4]江苏省农业生物多样性培育与利用研究中心,江苏南京210014 [5]南京师范大学分析测试中心,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《南京师大学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期69-78,共10页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省农业生物多样性培育与利用研究中心委托研究项目(100605-2022-KY-00210).

摘　　要：随着航空业的发展,野生动物与飞机之间的冲突愈演愈烈.研究机场周围鸟类群落多样性对鸟击防范工作具有重要作用.本研究于2017年11月~2019年12月,采用样点法对南京禄口国际机场及其周边的4种生境(农田、湿地、林地、城镇),共计27个样点的鸟类群落进行调查.经过调查,共记录鸟类149种,隶属于16目44科,其中物种数最多的为雀形目(Passeriformes),其次为鸻形目(Charadriiformes)鸟类.种群个体数量最多的为牛背鹭(Bubulcus ibis),然后从多到少依次为白鹭(Egretta garzetta)、云雀(Alauda arvensis)等.生境类型对鸟类的谱系和功能多样性具有显著影响.湿地鸟类物种数最多,但个体数较少.季节也对鸟类群落具有显著影响.城镇和湿地鸟类群落的标准化效应值与零假设差异不显著,它们表现为群落发散,随机生态过程影响了它们的群落构建;而林地和农田群落的标准化效应值与零假设差异显著,它们表现为群落聚集,主要受到生境过滤作用的影响.鸟类危险指数分析表明南京禄口国际机场危险等级非常高的鸟类是苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)、斑嘴鸭(Anas zonorhyncha)和环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus).本研究为机场区域鸟击防范提供了一定的科学管理依据.With the development of the aviation industry,conflicts between wildlife and planes have become increasingly frequent.Studies on the diversity of bird communities around airports play an important role in bird strike prevention work.From November 2017 to December 2019,this study used a sample point method to investigate the bird communities in 4 habitats(farmland,wetland,forest,and urban areas)at a total of 27 point transect around Nanjing Lukou International Airport.After two years of field surveys,a total of 149 bird species were recorded,belonging to 16 orders and 44 families,with the most species belonging to the Passeriformes order and the second most belonging to the Charadriiformes order.The species with the largest population is Cattle Egret(Bubulcus ibis),followed by the Little Egret(Egretta garzetta),the Eurasian Skylark(Alauda arvensis).Habitat type had a significant impact on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of bird community,with wetland birds having the most species but fewer individuals.Season also had a significant impact on the bird community.The standard effect size(SES)values of urban and wetland bird communities were not significantly different from the t test,indicating community divergence and the influence of random ecological processes on their community assembly.In contrast,the SES values of forest and farmland bird communities were significantly different from the t test,indicating community aggregation and primarily influenced by habitat filtering.Bird hazard index analysis shows that the species with very high danger levels at Nanjing Lukou Airport are Grey Heron(Ardea cinerea),Eastern Spot-billed Duck(Anas zonorhyncha),and Common Pheasant(Phasianus colchicus).This study provides a scientific basis for the management and control of birds in airport areas.

关 键 词：鸟击 物种多样性 谱系多样性 功能多样性 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]