孔德与19世纪初法国社会科学探索中的道德重建  

Comte and the Moral Reconstruction in the Exploration of the French Social Science in the Early 19^(th)Century

作　　者：倪玉珍[1] Ni Yuzhen

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第3期73-88,173,共17页World History

摘　　要：法国自18世纪末以来的总体性危机激发了思想家们探索社会科学的努力。复辟王朝初年,法国兴起了以萨伊为代表的、用科学方法研究生产的政治经济学派,并出现了将社会重建的重心由政治斗争转向实业生产的潮流。与圣西门的合作促使青年孔德从政治经济学的视角重新审视政治与道德,并试图将政治经济学改造成社会科学。思想趋于成熟的孔德逐渐从政治经济学的欣赏者转变为批评者。他批评政治经济学派片面关注物质生产,忽视道德重建,不能在文明的动态发展中考察和评价事物。孔德认为真正的社会科学应当是一门建立在历史研究基础上,将经济、政治、道德等问题关联起来考察的综合性科学。出于对道德重建的重视,孔德关注同时代无产者的境况,并通过探索社会科学寻求解决社会冲突的方案。The general crisis in France since the end of the 18^(th) century inspired ideologists to explore social science.In the early period of the Restoration,a school of political economy that was represented by Say who conducted his study on production in a scientific way,emerged in France,and a trend emerged to shift the focus of social reconstruction from political struggle to industrial production.His collaboration with Saint-Simon prompted the young Comte to re-examine politics and morality from the perspective of political economy,and attempt to transform political economy into a social science.As Comte matured in thought,he gradually changed from an admirer to a critic of political economy.He criticised the latter for its one-sided focus on material production and neglect of moral reconstruction,and for its inability to examine and evaluate things in the dynamic development of civilisation.Comte believed that the real social science should be a comprehensive science based on historical research and related to economic,political,moral issues,etc.For his concerns on the moral reconstruction,Comte cared about the condition of his contemporaneous proletarians and sought solutions for social conflicts by exploring the social science.

关 键 词：法国思想界 孔德 政治经济学 社会科学 道德重建 

分 类 号：K565.4[历史地理—历史学] B565.42[历史地理—世界史] D756.5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]