欧美《史记》《汉书》史表研究刍议——兼论中西古代史表书写的异同  

A Discussion of Studies on Shiji and Hanshu Tables in Europe and America:And a Comparative Study of Chinese and Western Table Writings

作　　者：庄亚琼 Zhuang Yaqiong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史理论研究所,100101

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2023年第4期88-97,159,共11页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：《史记》《汉书》史表研究是欧美中国史学研究的重要课题,对于国内学界加深了解欧美中国史学研究发展历程、辨析中西史学交流互鉴具有典型意义。自19世纪末发轫以来,欧美《史记》《汉书》史表研究呈现出深度不断拓展、领域逐渐丰富的发展趋势,表现出充分重视中国传统考据成果、讨论范围相对全面、部分借鉴西方史学研究思路等特点。部分欧美学者通过《史记》《汉书》史表反思西方史学对非叙事性历史书写的偏见,促成了中西史学的深度互鉴。但是,欧美学者并未深入分析中西古代史表书写的异同。通过比较以优西比乌《编年史》为代表的西方史表书写与《史记》《汉书》史表可以发现,中西古代史学在探索通史写法的实践中,不仅有经验认识的相似性,也有历史观念的差异性。西方中世纪史表书写因秉持基督教神意史观,未发展出类似《史记》《汉书》史表般追求理解历史的丰富类型。The Study on tables of Shiji(Records of the Grand Historian)and Hanshu(Book of Han)is an important topic of Chinese historiography studies in Europe and the United States.It is an exemplar case through which domestic academics can further understand the development of Chinese historiography research in Europe and the United States,and to distinguish and analyze academic exchanges and cross-cultural learning between China and the West.Since the inception at the end of the nineteenth century,European and American studies of Shiji and Hanshu tables have continuously developed in depth and width,exhibiting several characteristics of fully emphasizing the achievements of traditional Chinese textual criticism,relatively comprehensive scope of discussion,and references to some aspects of western historiography.Some European and American scholars used Shiji and Hanshu tables to challenge the prejudices against non-narrative historical writing in western historiography,which facilitated the in-depth cross-cultural learning between Chinese and Western historiography.However,European and American scholars have not provided a thorough analysis of similarities and differences between Chinese and Westerm writings of tables.By comparing the Chronicle by Eusebius of Caesarea with Shiji and Hanshu tables,it can be found that there are both similarities of empirical knowledge and differences of historical concepts in general history writing in ancient Chinese and Western historiography.Insisting on writing about divine views in Christian historiography,Western table writing in medieval times failed to diversify its genres to capture changes in history.

关 键 词：《史记》 《汉书》 史表 欧美 中西史学 

分 类 号：K204.2[历史地理—历史学] K234.1[历史地理—中国史] K091