《美墨加协定》汽车原产地规则劳动价值含量:基本内涵、深层要义及现实启示  

Labor Value Content in the Rules of Origin for Automotive Goods of the USMCA:Its Connotation,Significance and Practical Revelation

作　　者：李西霞[1] Li Xixia

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所

出　　处：《国际法研究》2023年第4期71-83,共13页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：党的二十大提出的扩大面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络,是中国实行更高水平对外开放的战略举措,有利于增强国内国际两个市场两种资源的联动效应。《美墨加协定》被认为是21世纪高标准自贸协定,涵盖货物贸易、原产地规则和劳工等诸多议题,其重要发展之一是在汽车原产地规则新增劳动价值含量。它建立了一个新范式,首次在“劳动”章节之外将劳工标准与自贸协定汽车原产地规则挂钩,并将产业政策工具运用到自贸协定,修改汽车原产地规则并进行汽车产业链重构,以期解决国际贸易中广受关注的工人就业和工资水平问题。对此,在自贸协定规则快速形成和产业链重构的当下,相关方应高度关注新增劳动价值含量及其深层要义,尤其是其内含的保护主义本质,最大限度把握自贸协定劳工规则创设趋势,积极提升中国在此领域的国际规则创设能力。To expand the globally-oriented network of high-standard free trade areas put forward by the 2Oth CPC National Congress is a strategic measure to implement a higher level of opening-up,which is conducive to enhancing the interactive effect by using the two kinds of resources from both domestic and international markets.The USMCA is considered as a high standard free trade agreement in the 21st century.It covers many topics such as trade in goods,rules of origin and labor,and among which labor value content being included into the rules of origin for automotive goods is an important development.It establishes a new norm,linking labor standards with rules of origin for automotive goods of a FTA for the first time,applying industrial policy tool,and thus modifying the rules of origin for automotive goods to restructure automobile industry chain,in order to address the widespread concerns of worker employment and wage levels in international trade.For this,under the context of the rapid formation of FTA rules and the restructuring of the industrial chain,close attention shall be paid to new labor value content rule and its underlying significance,especially its inherent protectionist nature,full understanding of the trend of the creation of FTA labor rules,and active promotion of China's competence to create international rules in this field.

关 键 词：美墨加协定 劳工标准 汽车原产地规则 劳动价值含量 贸易保护 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学] F752[政治法律—国际法学] F757.12[政治法律—法学] F426.471[经济管理—国际贸易]