地下水回补环境污染风险研究进展  

Environmental Pollution Risks Related to Managed Aquifer Recharge:A Review

作　　者：贾永锋 尚长健 廉新颖[1,2] 臧永歌 冯帆 席北斗[1,2] 姜永海[1,2] JIA Yongfeng;SHANG Changjian;LIAN Xinying;ZANG Yongge;FENG Fan;XI Beidou;JIANG Yonghai(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护地下水污染模拟与控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第9期1643-1653,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFC1806204);国家自然科学基金项目(No.41907178)。

摘　　要：地下水回补是缓解水资源危机保障水资源利用弹性的有效方式.科学认识多水源多路径回补潜在的环境污染风险是地下水安全可持续回补的关键.地下水回补过程对污染物具有降解作用,但也存在直接与次生污染的双重风险.直接污染来源于回补水及回补场地地表污染源,主要污染组分为氮磷营养盐、有机碳、盐分、有机污染物/新污染物、病原菌等,次生污染一是来源于回补后含水层氧化还原、溶解沉淀、吸附解吸等条件变化导致沉积物矿物背景组分的释放,二是水位抬升导致包气带残留污染的淋溶释放,常见的污染指标有As、Mn、硝酸盐等.对于回补水质标准的限定,以及地表污染源的管理是防范直接污染的主要措施,而对于水源的预处理,场地地球化学条件与水源组分的合理匹配,回补水位阈值的科学调控是防止地下水次生污染的关键.未来应进一步增强新污染物及非常规毒理性组分在入渗过程中的迁移转化特征研究、含水层矿物成分与回补水源耦合作用的长期效应研究以及多组分协同去除效应的优化回补工艺等研究,以保障不同回补条件下的地下水环境安全.Managed Aquifer Recharge(MAR)is an effective way to alleviate the water resource crisis and is of great significance for improving the flexibility of water use.A scientific understanding of the environmental risks that multi-water sources and multi-pathways of MAR can bring is the key to ensure the sustainable MAR.Managed Aquifer Recharge has a significant degradation effect on pollutants,but it also has dual risks of direct and secondary pollution.The direct pollution mainly comes from the recharge water and the surface pollution sources of the recharge sites.The main pollution components are nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients,organic carbon,salt,organic pollutants/emerging pollutants,pathogenic bacteria,etc.The first source of secondary pollution is the release of background components of aquifer sediments due to changes in conditions such as redox,dissolution/precipitation,and adsorption/desorption after recharge.The other is the leaching of residual pollution in the vadose zone caused by the rising groundwater table.The common pollution indicators are As,Mn,nitrate.The main measures to prevent direct pollution are the limitation of water quality standards for MAR and the management of surface pollution sources.For the pretreatment of water source,the reasonable matching of site geochemical conditions and water source components,and the scientific regulation of groundwater table threshold are the keys to prevent secondary pollution of MAR.In future research,it is necessary to further enhance the research on the migration and transformation mechanism of emerging pollutants and unconventional toxic components during recharge process,the long-term coupling effect of mineral components in aquifers and recharge water sources,and the optimization of recharge processes for multi component synergistic removal effects in order to ensure the safety of groundwater environment under different recharge conditions.

关 键 词：地下水回补 新污染物 次生污染 氧化还原 风险评估 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]