Mechanism and recent updates on insulin-related disorders  

作　　者：Shashank Kumar Sabyasachi Senapati Neetu Bhattacharya Amit Bhattacharya Shashank Kumar Maurya Hadiya Husain Jasvinder Singh Bhatti Abhay Kumar Pandey 

机构地区：[1]Department of Biochemistry,Central University of Punjab,Bathinda 151401,Punjab,India [2]Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine,Central University of Punjab,Bathinda 151401,Punjab,India [3]Department of Zoology,Dyal Singh College,University of Delhi,New Delhi 110003,India [4]Department of Zoology,Ramjas College,University of Delhi,New Delhi 110007,India [5]Department of Zoology,University of Delhi,New Delhi 110007,India [6]Department of Zoology,University of Lucknow,Lucknow 226007,India [7]Department of Biochemistry,University of Allahabad,Allahabad(Prayagraj)211002,India

出　　处：《World Journal of Clinical Cases》2023年第25期5840-5856,共17页世界临床病例杂志

摘　　要：Insulin,a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells,is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels.Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis.One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus(DM)(type 1,type 2,and gestational).Insulin resistance(IR)is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions.Metabolic syndrome(MS)is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR,hypertension,and obesity.Further,several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning,which include polycystic ovary syndrome,neuronal disorders,and cancer.Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms.Literature revealed that different biochemical events,molecular signaling pathways,microRNAs,and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM,insuloma,neurological disorder,MS,and cancer.In this review,we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.

关 键 词：Insulin disorder Diabetes Metabolic syndrome Neurological disorder Obesity Cancer 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]