宁夏中南部地区马铃薯水分盈亏研究  

Study on the Water Surplus and Deficiency of Potato in the Central and Southern Ningxia

作　　者：马力文[1,2] 刘静[1,2] 徐青[1,2] 郑方 张学艺[1,2] MA Liwen;LIU Jing;XU Qing;ZHENG Fang;ZHANG Xueyi(Key Laboratory for Monitoring,Early Warning and Risk Management of Agrometeorological Disasters on Characteristic Agriculture in Dry Regions of China Meteorological Administration,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,银川750002 [2]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,银川750002

出　　处：《农学学报》2023年第8期25-31,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室指令性项目(CAMP-202008);中国气象局决策服务专项(JCZX2022010)。

摘　　要：了解宁夏中南部地区马铃薯的需水规律和水分供需状况,可为合理安排补灌制度,提高水分利用率提供支持。采用FAOPM56方法和农田水分平衡方程,通过细化Kc系数,分析了马铃薯历年逐旬需水量、耗水量和水分盈亏变化。结果表明:马铃薯全生育期需水465.1~677.3mm,与气温和降水量分别呈极显著正相关和负相关,需水量在高温年偏多,低温年偏少,在多雨年偏少,少雨年偏多。苗期和块茎膨大期水分盈亏为正值,6—8月上旬大部为负值,即有7—12个旬的水分亏缺超过10mm/旬。缺水时段从南到北逐渐延长,缺水量逐渐增多,中部干旱带6—8月累积水分亏缺300mm以上。为此,可选择耐旱品种,实施低耗水前茬休耕轮作、地膜覆盖、垄沟栽培、水分亏缺期节水补灌等措施,支撑马铃薯产业可持续发展。Understanding the potato water requirement,water surplus and deficit in the central and southern areas of Ningxia can provide support for rational arrangement of the supplementary irrigation schedule and improvement of the water use efficiency.Using FAO PM 56 method and field water balance equation,the changes of water requirement,consumption and water surplus and deficit of potato were analyzed by refining Kc coefficient.The results showed that the water requirement of potato during the whole growth period was 465.1-677.3 mm,which was significantly positive and negative correlation with temperature and precipitation,respectively.The water requirement was more in high temperature years,less in low temperature years,less in rainy years,and more in less rainy years.The water deficit at seedling and tuber expansion stage was positive,and most of it was negative from June to early August,and there were 7-12 ten days water deficit exceeding 10 mm/ten days.The period of water shortage was gradually extended from south to north,and the amount of water shortage was gradually increasing.The accumulated water deficit in the central arid zone from June to August was more than 300 mm.For this reason,measures can be applied such as drought-tolerant varieties,low-water consumption preceding crop,fallow rotation,plastic film mulching,ridge and furrow cultivation,water-saving supplementary irrigation during water deficit period to support the sustainable development of potato planting.

关 键 词：马铃薯 需水规律 水分盈亏 水分利用效率 宁夏中南部地区 

分 类 号：S162.1[农业科学—农业气象学]