创业生态系统如何激活机会型创业?  

How does the entrepreneurial ecosystem activate opportunity entrepreneurship?

作　　者：金钰莹 叶广宇[1] 彭说龙[1] Jin Yuying;Ye Guangyu;Peng Shuolong(School of Business Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学工商管理学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《科研管理》2023年第8期21-30,共10页Science Research Management

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目:“加强服务业国际合作提高我国产业全球价值链地位路径研究”(17JZD020,2017—2023);贵州省重大专项课题:“贵州推进实体经济与数字经济深度融合的重难点问题及对策研究”(21GZZB12,2021—2023)。

摘　　要：机会型创业是实现创新驱动发展的有效途径。然而,我国机会型创业现状却不容乐观。因此,如何激活机会型创业便成了一个亟待解决的重要课题。基于创业生态系统理论视角,本研究应用组态思维和模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,以49个经济体为样本,探究多要素的创业生态驱动高机会型创业的因果复杂机制。研究表明:(1)创业生态系统单一要素不构成高或非高机会型创业的必要条件,但基础设施在影响机会型创业方面发挥更普遍的作用。(2)产生高机会型创业的创业生态系统组态有4类,即金融-市场-人力-设施-社会协同驱动型、金融-设施-社会驱动型、金融-人力-设施-政府驱动型、市场-人力-设施-政府驱动型。(3)导致非高机会型创业的创业生态系统组态有2类,它们与产生高机会型创业的创业生态系统组态呈现非对称关系。本文研究结论不仅基于创业生态系统理论视角丰富了机会型创业领域的学术研究,而且为我国有效激活机会型创业提供了有益的实践启示。Entrepreneurial conduct can be classified into two distinct categories:opportunity entrepreneurship(which actively establishes a business in order to seek commercial possibilities)and necessity entrepreneurship(which is forced to start a business due to lack of employment options).In comparison to necessity entrepreneurship,growth-oriented opportunity entrepreneurship fosters employment growth and economic development and demonstrates a greater capacity for innovation,which is critical for China to accomplish its strategic aim of innovation-driven development.On the other hand,China′s opportunity entrepreneurship index was only slightly higher than those of India,Egypt and Russia,according to the 2018 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM)report.How to activate opportunity entrepreneurship has emerged as a critical issue that must be resolved promptly in China.Based on the theory of entrepreneurial ecosystem,we used the configuration thinking and fsQCA method to explore how multi-factor entrepreneurial ecosystem influences opportunity entrepreneurship involved 49 economies,whose data is collected from the GEM report(2018).Our findings from this research are shown as follows:(1)any single explanatory attribute of an entrepreneurial ecosystem does not constitute the necessary condition of high opportunity entrepreneurship;However,improving infrastructure plays a more general role in producing high opportunity entrepreneurship;(2)there are four recipes—entrepreneurial ecosystem—for high opportunity entrepreneurship,namely,the finance-market-human-infrastructure-society-driven path,the finance-infrastructure-society-driven path,the finance-human-infrastructure-government-driven path,and the market-human-infrastructure-government-driven path;and(3)there are also two recipes for non-high opportunity entrepreneurship,and they are asymmetrically related to those that generate high opportunity entrepreneurship.The research contributions are as follows:(1)based on the entrepreneurial ecosystem theory,this study explore

关 键 词：创业生态系统 机会型创业 fsQCA 

分 类 号：F279.1[经济管理—企业管理]