《劳动合同法》对企业劳动力配置效率的影响  

The Impact of the Labor Contract Law on the Efficiency of Labor Allocation of Firms

作　　者：尹靖华 倪何永乐 韩峰[3] Yin Jinghua;Ni Heyongle;Han Feng

机构地区：[1]广东金融学院保险学院 [2]江西师范大学财政金融学院 [3]南京审计大学政治与经济研究院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2023年第4期35-50,共16页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“产业链安全视角下区域产业分工调整与实现路径研究”(编号:21CTJ015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：劳动力的高效配置对中国经济高质量发展具有重要意义。文章以《劳动合同法》实施为外生冲击,基于中国工业企业数据库并利用双重差分法研究了劳动保护对企业劳动力配置效率的影响。研究结果显示,《劳动合同法》的实施优化了企业劳动力配置效率。机制分析表明,尽管《劳动合同法》的实施限制了企业用工灵活性,但有助于矫正企业工资负向扭曲、缩小工资水平与劳动边际产出价值之间的“剪刀差”,有利于减少企业超额雇员情况;同时提高了低生产率企业退出市场的概率,促使更多的劳动力流向劳动力配置不足的高生产率企业。异质性分析表明,劳动保护对企业劳动配置效率的提升在劳动配置过度的企业、非国有企业和法律制度环境较好地区的企业更为明显。文章拓展了《劳动合同法》经济效应的评估范畴,从劳动保护视角为优化企业要素配置、促进中国经济高质量发展提供政策参考。Efficient allocation of labor resources plays a crucial role in fostering the development of a high-quality economy.This study examines the impact of the"Labor Contract Law"on labor misallocation using a difference-indifferences estimation strategy.Our findings indicate that the implementation of labor protection measures has facilitated labor allocation between firms,with robust results that withstand hypothesis tests and other robustness checks.We further explore the mechanisms underlying this effect,finding that while the law restricts firm flexibility in employment decisions,it leads to the exit of inefficient firms and reduces wage distortions,thus enhancing labor allocation efficiency.Heterogeneity analysis shows that labor protection improves firms'labor allocation efficiency more significantly in firms with over-allocated labor,non-state-owned firms,and firms in regions with better legal environments.This study not only expands the understanding of the economic effects of the Labor Contract Law but also provides insights for promoting high-quality economic development in China.

关 键 词：劳动保护 劳动合同法 劳动力配置效率 

分 类 号：D922.52[政治法律—民商法学]