骑楼与道路:民国时期汕头的城市规划实践  

Arcades and Road:Urban Planning in Shantou During the Republican Period

作　　者：欧阳琳浩 谢湜[2,3] Ouyang Linhao;Xie Shi

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系 [2]中山大学历史地理研究中心 [3]中山大学历史人类学研究中心

出　　处：《近代史研究》2023年第4期91-106,M0004,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：教育部高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“数字人文视野下环南中国海地域社会经济网络的时空演变研究”的资助。

摘　　要：在近代中国,骑楼为南方地区许多城市开展市政建设时所采纳,后被广泛运用于城市规划及道路建设中。20世纪20年代,汕头市政当局根据现代市政理念,制订了包括道路系统的城市规划方案。骑楼在解决城市改造所面临的辟筑道路及割拆民业等普遍问题方面发挥了重要作用。推行骑楼及骑楼地的承领,既是政府在推动城市建设中减少赔补成本的有效手段,也是民间在割拆土地和铺屋中争取利益的重要策略。汕头市政当局虽然通过正规化、专业化和法制化的市政运行机制,掌握了改造城市空间的主导权,但在动员民间力量参与市政建设时,民间各方力量并非唯命是从,而是以一套符合当时市政运行机制的话语体系,与政府展开博弈或进行协作。汕头大规模骑楼街区的形成,不仅反映了城市空间在平面格局和立体景观上的演变,也折射出中国城市在近代转型中的复杂面相。In modern China,the construction of arcades became a common practice in many cities,with urban planning and road construction plans often incorporating arcades.In the 1920s,the municipal government of Shantou took the lead in proposing an urban planning framework that embraced modern municipal administration concepts.This proposal included plans for an urban road network,with the construction of arcades being an integral part of implementing this vision.Building arcade served the dual purpose of addressing challenges associated with new road construction and the demolition of private houses.The government aimed to reduce compensation costs by implementing arcades,while urban residents utilized them to assert their property rights and claim compensation for land expropriation and house demolitions.The Shantou municipal authority played a dominant role in reshaping the urban space,thanks to the establishment of standardized,professional and rule-based municipal work mechanisms.Nevertheless,the urban society faced a relative power imbalance when negotiating or bargaining with the government.Urban residents predominantly adopted the government-sanctioned discourse in their interactions with the government.Therefore,the emergence of the large-scale arcade street blocks in Shantou not only witnessed the changes of cityscape in Shantou,but also revealed the complexities associated with the modern transformation of Chinese cities.

关 键 词：骑楼 城市规划 市政建设 汕头 建筑史 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学] TU984.2[历史地理—中国史]