父母养育投入与子女人力资本的动态形成——基于CES生产函数的新发现  

Parental Investment and the Dynamic Formation of Children's Human Capital:A New Discovery Based on the CES(Constant Elasticity of Substitution)Production Function

作　　者：杨娟[1] 赵心慧 Yang Juan;Zhao Xinhui(Business School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Department of Social&Ecological Studies,Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C(National Academy of Governance),Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875 [2]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)社会和生态文明教研部,北京100091

出　　处：《教育研究》2023年第7期111-124,共14页Educational Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金2019年度面上项目“家庭背景对于子女学业成绩的影响机制及政策建议:基于非认知技能的新视角”(编号:71973012)的研究成果。

摘　　要：本研究基于中国家庭追踪调查数据,通过构建人力资本的CES生产函数,估计了父母养育投入与各阶段子女认知和非认知能力之间的非线性关系。研究发现:童年时期是父母养育投入的关键时期。父母养育投入对子女童年时期人力资本的形成带来显著正向影响,随着时间推移,这种效应逐渐降低。童年时期的父母养育投入对于子女青少年时期同样发挥了重要作用。区分不同类型的父母养育投入发现,在儿童早期认知和非认知能力的形成过程中,父母金钱投入的作用更大;而父母时间投入则在青少年时期人力资本发展中占据重要地位。异质性结果表明,父母养育投入能为弱势儿童带来有利影响。反事实模拟证明,早期并且持续若干时期增加父母养育投入能够较大提升子女认知和非认知能力水平。另外,父母养育投入也将有助于促进子女的长期发展。基于此,应通过实施旨在提高家庭教育质量的干预措施,帮助家长树立科学的教育理念,促进子女早期人力资本积累,助力我国从人口大国迈向人力资源强国。This study,based on the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),and the construction of the CES(constant elasticity of substitution)production function with human capital,explores the non-linear relationship between parental investment and children's cognitive and non-cognitive abilities in different periods.The findings show the following:In the children's childhood,a crucial period for parental investment,parental investment had a significant and positive effect on the children's human capital development,but as time went by,there was a gradual decrease in such an effect;parental investment in children's childhood also played an important role in the development of children during their adolescence;according to different types of parental investment,the parents'money investment had a greater effect on their children's early cognitive and non-cognitive abilities,but the parents time investment played an important role in the development of their children's human capital during their adolescence;heterogeneity-based results showed that parental investment had a positive effect on disadvantaged children;counterfactual simulations proved that an early increase and a sustained increase in certain periods in parental investment could greatly improve the children's cognitive and non-cognitive abilities;also,parental investment helped promote the long-term development of the children.Based on this,we need interventions aimed at improving the quality of family education to help parents establish scientific concepts of education and promote their children's early accumulation of human capital,thus helping China shift from a populous country to a powerful country rich in human resources.

关 键 词：家庭教育 人力资本 认知能力 非认知能力 非线性关系 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]