祖先甜味基因重建揭示了蝙蝠祖先可能为杂食性  

Common ancestors of bats were omnivorous suggested by resurrection of ancestral sweet receptors

作　　者：李映灿 焦恒武 Simon Yung Wa Sin 王瑞琪 Stephen J.Rossiter 赵华斌 Yingcan Li;Hengwu Jiao;Simon Yung Wa Sin;Ruiqi Wang;Stephen J.Rossiter;Huabin Zhao(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of the Ministry of Education,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism,College of Life Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Life Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Biological Sciences,The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR 999077,China;School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences,Queen Mary University of London,London E14NS,UK)

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of the Ministry of Education,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism,College of Life Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China [2]School of Life Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China [3]School of Biological Sciences,The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR 999077,China [4]School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences,Queen Mary University of London,London E14NS,UK

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2023年第16期1748-1751,M0003,共5页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270436 and 32000385);the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0702004);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042022dx0003);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU22LJ003)。

摘　　要：学术界关于蝙蝠飞行和回声定位能力的演化顺序一直存在争议.由于蝙蝠普遍具有飞行和回声定位能力,其祖先常被认为是夜行性食虫动物;也有研究认为,蝙蝠祖先是昼行性食果动物,并推测飞行在回声定位能力之前获得.目前缺乏来自化石的直接证据,但通过研究与食性相关基因的功能演化,可以获得新的线索.甜味觉与动物食性密切相关,在现生蝙蝠中,只有食果蝙蝠能够感知天然糖类,而食虫蝙蝠都丢失了该能力.为了解析蝙蝠祖先的食性演化历史及其在蝙蝠飞行和回声定位演化中的意义,我们重建并合成了蝙蝠主要祖先谱系的甜味受体基因,检测它们对天然糖类的感知能力.结果表明,翼手目、阴翼手亚目和狐蝠科的祖先甜味受体能够感知天然糖类,而阳翼手亚目和该亚目内其它两个祖先甜味受体基因均不能感知.本研究表明,现生蝙蝠的共同祖先能够感知天然糖类,根据蝙蝠的甜味觉与食性的关系,推测蝙蝠祖先为杂食性.本研究支持蝙蝠飞行能力早于回声定位能力获得的假说,即早期蝙蝠在没有回声定位的情况下可以在飞行中取食水果和昆虫.The origins of powered flight and laryngeal echolocation in bats are widely cited as evidence that ancestral bats evolved as insectivores[1].Indeed,the emergence of major bat lineages in the Eocene has also been linked to insectivory,with bat diversification arising due to the increase in insect abundance,in turn attributed to angiosperm radiation[2].Further indication that early bats were insectivorous comes from the presence of tympanate moth families in Eocene deposits,which probably evolved simple hearing organs for avoiding echolocating bats[3].Despite these observations,and the fact that insectivory is the dominant dietary specialisation among modern bat lineages,arguments linking the evolution of echolocation and flight to insectivory are not universally accepted.

关 键 词：回声定位 食虫动物 食果动物 功能演化 蝙蝠 夜行性 共同祖先 亚目 

分 类 号：Q951[生物学—动物学]