客车车身骨架的轻量化设计与分析  

Lightweight design and analysis of bus body frame

作　　者：石拓 周盼 周涛 辛江慧 许丽娇 臧利国 SHI Tuo;ZHOU Pan;ZHOU Tao;XIN Jianghui;XU Lijiao;ZANG Liguo(School of Automobile and Rail Transit,Nanjing Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211167,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工程学院汽车与轨道交通学院,江苏省南京市211167

出　　处：《农业装备与车辆工程》2023年第9期74-77,100,共5页Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(SJCX22_1048)。

摘　　要：为达到客车轻量化的要求,针对车身骨架进行有限元分析及优化。首先,建立某客车车身骨架的有限元模型,并对该模型进行加载与约束;然后,对客车在道路上行驶的3种常见工况(弯曲、急转弯和紧急制动工况)进行静力学分析;最后通过尺寸优化,改变梁单元厚度实现车身骨架的轻量化,并通过对比轻量化前后模型3种工况下的应变,验证轻量化方法的可行性。结果表明,轻量化优化后车身骨架减轻855.5 kg,占比约为12.2%,轻量化效果比较明显,为客车轻量化的实际应用提供参考。In order to meet the lightweight requirements of passenger cars,finite element analysis and optimization were carried out for the body frame of the passenger car.First,a finite element model of a passenger car body frame was established,and the model was loaded and constrained.Then the static analysis under three common running conditions(bending,sharp turning and emergency braking)were carried out.Finally,the lightweight of the body frame was realized by optimizing the thickness of the beam element,and the feasibility of the lightweight method was verified by comparing the strains of the three working conditions before and after lightweight.The results showed that after the lightweight,the body frame was reduced by 855.5 kg,accounting for about 12.2%,and the lightweight effect was obvious.The above research achieved the goal of providing suggestions for lightweight of passenger cars in practical applications.

关 键 词：客车 车身骨架 轻量化 梁单元 静力分析 

分 类 号：U463.831[机械工程—车辆工程]