放牧对金沙江干热河谷草地土壤种子库的影响  

Effects of Different Grazing Intensities on Soil Seed Bank of Natural Grassland in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River

作　　者：韩学琴[1,2] 刘进娣 邓红山 罗会英[1,2] 李莲红 金杰[1,2] HAN Xueqin;LIU Jindi;DENG Hongshan;LUO Huiying;LI Lianhong;JIN Jie(Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou 651300,China;Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Botanical Garden,Yuanmou 651300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,元谋651300 [2]元谋干热河谷植物园,元谋651300

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2023年第5期16-22,共7页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202002AA100007);2021年省级发展专项资金项目“云南省省级特色作物种质资源圃”;国家草品种区域试验云南元谋试验站;国家牧草产业技术体系德宏综合试验站(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：土壤种子库代表着草地的潜在恢复力,对退化草地的恢复具有重要作用。试验于2010—2012年在金沙江干热河谷天然草地进行了封禁、轻度、中度、重度不同放牧强度下的天然草地土壤种子库的密度及物种分布特征、多样性和相似性研究,拟为干热河谷天然草原的合理利用,特别是退化生态系统的恢复与重建提供理论依据。结果表明:①土壤种子库的总密度和植物种数随着放牧强度的减弱而增加,其空间分布主要集中在0~4 cm的土层中,与4~12 cm土层中的种子分布存在显著差异(P<0.05)。②土壤种子库物种主要以多年生草本植物为主,具有很强的优势度,且主要分布在土壤的表层,一年生草本植物分布较为均匀,在8~12 cm土层中优势度最强,灌木类物种主要分布在中度放牧强度下的草地土壤中。③金沙江干热河谷天然草地土壤种子库的物种多样性指数和均匀度指数以重度放牧强度下的最小;其在重度和中度放牧强度下,随着土层深度的增加而增大,在轻度放牧和禁止放牧条件下,随着土层深度的增加而减小,且以8~12 cm土层中物种多样性指数和均匀度指数最小。④在不同放牧强度下,随着土层深度的增加,土壤种子库在空间分布上的相似性逐渐减小,在重度和中度放牧强度下,其土壤种子库间的物种相似性最大,达0.6818,而轻度与重度放牧下相似性最小,仅为0.4762。与禁牧草地相比,轻度放牧更有利于金沙江干热河谷区天然草地的可持续发展。The soil seed bank represents the potential resilience of grasslands and plays an important role for the restoration of degraded grasslands.This paper was performed to study the species density,distribution,diversity and similarity of soil seed bank of natural grassland under different grazing intensities of prohibition,light,modetate and heavy grazing in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River from 2010 to 2012.The results were as follows:①the total density and plant species number of the soil seed bank were increased with decreasing of grazing intensity;the soil seeds were concentrated in 0-4 cm soil,and they had obvious differences with in 4-12 cm soil(P<0.05).②The most of soil seeds were perennial herb,and they were concentrated in upper soil layer;the most of soil seeds of annual herb were concentrated in 8-12 cm soil,and had high dominance;the most of soil seeds of shrub were concentrated in soil of moderate grazing.③The species diversity index and evenness index were the lowest in soil seed bank of heavy grazing,and they were increased with the soil depth under heavy and moderate grazing,but they were decrease with the soil depth under light and prohibition of grazing,and they were the lowest in 8-12 cm soil.④Under different grazing intensities,with the increase of soil depth,the similarity of soil seed bank in spatial distribution gradually decreased.Under heavy and moderate grazing intensities,the species similarity between soil seed bank was the largest,reaching 0.6818,while under light and heavy grazing,the similarity was the smallest,only 0.4762.Compared with grazing prohibited grassland,light grazing was more conductive to the sustainable development of natural grassland in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River.

关 键 词：放牧 金沙江干热河谷 天然草地 土壤种子库 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]