代谢工程改造微生物合成生物基单体的进展与挑战  

Progress and challenges of engineering microorganisms to produce biobased monomers

作　　者：高聪 陈城虎 陈修来[1] 刘立明[1] GAO Cong;CHEN Chenghu;CHEN Xiulai;LIU Liming(State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第8期4123-4135,共13页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2100700);国家自然科学基金青年项目(22008087)。

摘　　要：单体是合成聚合物所用的小分子基础原料,目前主要来源于化石燃料。利用微生物制备生物基单体具有生产条件温和、环境友好、可持续的优势,是实现高分子材料行业绿色制造的重要途径。借助代谢工程和合成生物学元件,目前已经实现了多种单体的微生物制造,然而与石油基生产工艺相比,这些单体微生物细胞工厂的生产性能普遍较低。围绕代谢工程改造微生物合成生物基单体过程中存在的瓶颈问题,本文基于具体案例分析,从廉价底物的高效利用、提高生物基单体合成效率、强化细胞环境耐受性三个方面,总结了改造微生物合成单体的最新研究进展。同时,讨论了单体微生物细胞工厂目前存在的挑战和未来发展方向。Monomers are the basic raw materials used in the synthesis of polymers,which mainly come from fossil fuels.Engineering microorganisms to synthesize monomers has the advantages of mild production conditions,environmental friendliness,and sustainability,which is an important way to achieve green manufacturing in the material industry.With the help of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology parts,microbial manufacturing of various monomers has been realized at present.However,compared with petroleum-based production processes,the production performance of these microbial cell factories is limited.Focusing on the bottleneck problems in engineering microorganisms to synthesize bioplastic monomers,this review summarizes the latest research progress in the metabolic engineering of microorganisms to produce monomers from three aspects:efficient utilization of cheap substrates,improvement of monomer synthesis efficiency,and enhancement of cell environment tolerance,based on specific case studies.At the same time,the current challenges and future direction of the microbial monomer cell factory are discussed.

关 键 词：微生物细胞工厂 塑料单体 底物利用 调控策略 环境耐受性 

分 类 号：Q815[生物学—生物工程] TQ92[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]