仡佬语的示证策略  

Evidential Strategies in Gelao

作　　者：林苑 潘家荣 Yuan Lin;Chia-Jung Pan(Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院 [2]北京师范大学珠海校区人文和社会科学高等研究院

出　　处：《励耘语言学刊》2022年第2期18-29,共12页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国民族语言形态句法类型学研究”(编号18ZDA298)的资助。

摘　　要：本研究从语言类型学视角考察仡佬语信息来源表达方式.研究结果显示,仡佬语虽没有严格定义的示证范畴,但其示证策略表现丰富且有类型学特点.仡佬语示证的语义可分为亲知(direct)、推断(inferred)和报道(reported)三种.亲知信息包括通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉等感官获取的信息;推断信息为基于常识或证据获得的信息;报道信息包括指明具体信息来源和未指明具体信息来源的情况.仡佬语表达示证策略的手段包括感官动词、认知动词、情态动词及言说动词四种手段.其中感官动词表达的信息是说话人利用视觉、听觉、嗅觉等感官亲自感知的,一般对信息真实性呈肯定态度.认知动词表示说话人对信息真实性呈怀疑态度.搭配情态动词使用,仡佬语的信息来源可反映说话人对信息来源的不同态度,包括肯定、怀疑与否定.言说动词传达通过报道得到的信息,根据是否指明具体信息来源表现说话人对信息真实性负责任的不同程度.本研究展示仡佬语的示证策略特点,填补仡佬语示证研究的空白.This study examines the expression of information source in Gelao.Although evidentiality is not an independent grammatical category in Gelao,there are some evidential strategies.The semantic types of information source cover direct,inferred and reported.The direct type includes information obtained through the senses such as visual,audio,smell and taste;the inferred type is information obtained based on common sense or evidence;the reported type includes information source that is overtly specified and information source that is not clearly indicated.The four means of evidential strategies in Gelao include perception verbs,cognition verbs,modal verbs,and verbs of ‘saying’.The speaker is generally positive about the authenticity of the information expressed via perception verbs.Cognition verbs express the speaker's scepticism about the veracity of the message.Modal verbs conveying the speaker's attitude towards the source of the information vary,and can be positive,skeptical or negative.Verbs of‘saying'convey information acquired from reports,and the speaker is generally not responsible for the veracity of the discourse.This study demonstrates the characteristics of Gelao's evidential strategies and bridges the gap of evidentiality research in Gelao.

关 键 词：仡佬语 示证 亲知 推测 报道 

分 类 号：H271[语言文字—少数民族语言]