晚唐五代南北方言量词差异举例及成因分析  

An Analysis of the Differences between the Quantifiers of Southern and Northern Dialects in the Late Tang and Five Dynasties

作　　者：陈姗姗[1] Chen Shanshan(Nanjing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《励耘语言学刊》2022年第2期125-142,共18页

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“中古汉语虚词研究及中古汉语虚词词典编撰”(编号18AYY020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以《祖堂集》和敦煌变文为主要比较对象,辅以《景德传灯录》和敦煌歌辞,并结合历代文献和现代方言,筛选出一批具有方言色彩的量词.在此基础上进一步考察南北方言量词的历时地域流变情况.其中在方言词升格为通语词部分表现突出,南方方言量词多是在明代发生扩散,北方方言量词多是在北宋和两宋发生扩散.前者是受元明战乱、永乐迁都等影响产生的由南向北的迁入,后者是受唐末五代战乱、宋金战乱、宋室南迁等影响产生的由北向南的迁入.亦有部分南方方言量词在金元时期出现过短暂的向北流动,这大概是受宋金元战乱和南宋聘使文化交流等的影响.并且晚唐五代南方方言量词的用法比北方方言量词丰富,此与禅宗语录和敦煌变文的文体差异密切相关.Taking Zu Tang Ji and Dunhuang Bianwen as the main comparison objects,supplemented by Jingde Chuandeng Lu and Dunhuang Geci,combining other corpus and modern dialects,a group of dialect quantifiers were selected.On this basis,it further investigates the diachronic and geographical changes of quantifiers in southern and northern dialects.Among them,the part of dialect words upgraded to common language words is outstanding.The southern dialect quantifiers mostly diffused in the Ming Dynasty,and the northern dialect quantifiers mostly diffused in the Northern Song Dynasty.The former is a migration from south to north due to the influence of the Yuan and Ming wars,Yongle's capital move,while the latter is a migration from north to south due to the influence of the wars of the late Tang and Five Dynasties and the Song and Jin Dynasties,and the migration of the Song Dynasty to the south.There were also some southern dialect quantifiers that flowed northward briefly during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,probably due to the influence of the Song-Jin-Yuan wars and the cultural exchange of envoys.In addition,the use of quantifiers in southern dialects in the late Tang and Five Dynasties is more abundant than that in northern dialects,which is closely related to the stylistic differences between Zen quotations and Dunhuang Bianwen.

关 键 词：晚唐五代 方言量词 地域差异 用法差异 成因 

分 类 号：H171[语言文字—汉语]