生命周期,知识多样性与区域技术创新——以中国可再生能源技术为例  

Technological life cycle, knowledge variety and regionalinnovation: A case study of China's renewable energy technology

作　　者：徐䶮 金泽润 朱晟君[1] 杨博飞 XU Yan;JIN Zerun;ZHU Shengjun;YANG Bofei(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第8期2070-2088,共19页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42122006、41971154)。

摘　　要：基于2003—2017年中国285个地级城市专利数据,本文以可再生能源技术为例,研究区域知识多样性的技术创新效应。利用技术知识空间中的激进性指标划分得到不同技术生命周期阶段,重点检验随着技术生命周期发展,区域知识多样性对可再生能源技术创新效应的演变规律,及其在不同规模城市中的差异。研究发现:①区域知识相关多样性总体上更有利于可再生能源技术创新发展,而不相关多样性具有抑制效应。②相关与不相关多样性的效应存在技术生命周期异质性:处于初生阶段的技术更受益于不相关多样性带来的差异化知识,从而促进突破性技术变革的发生;处于成长和成熟阶段的技术更需要相关多样性带来的高关联性知识以提高创新效率,保证创新成果产出。③区域知识不相关多样性对初生阶段技术创新的促进作用在大城市中更明显,而相关多样性对成长及成熟阶段技术创新的促进作用仅存在于小城市中。本文从技术生命周期异质性和创新活动所处城市的规模异质性角度出发,为经济地理学对知识相关多样性和不相关多样性的技术创新效应的争议提供了解释框架。同时,本文也提出了一定的政策建议:国家应制定契合不同阶段技术特征的差异化宏观创新政策,并推动区域间技术分工与良性竞合,完善国家层面全生命周期技术创新分工体系;地方政府应充分结合城市社会经济发展现状,通过培育适度多元化特征的产业体系,发展契合本地创新禀赋基础的技术环节,充分发挥区域创新比较优势。Based on the patent data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2017,this paper examines the effect of regional knowledge variety on innovation using renewable energy technology as an example.By quantifying technological novelty in the knowledge space,the paper splits each renewable energy technology into three life cycle stages,emergence,growth,and maturity,and thus investigates the evolutions of regional knowledge variety's effect on innovation along the technology life cycle.The heterogeneous effects of regional knowledge variety on innovation in cities of different sizes are also examined.The conclusions are as follows.(1)Regional knowledge related variety is more conducive to renewable energy technology innovation,while regional knowledge unrelated variety tends to exert negative effect in general.(2)The effects of regional knowledge related and unrelated variety varies at different stages of technology life cycle.Technologies at the emergence stage are more benefited from unrelated variety,which brings differentiated knowledge to promote the technological breakthrough.Comparatively,technologies at the growth and maturity stages require more highly relevant knowledge brought by related variety to improve innovation efficiency and ensure the innovation output.(3)The effect of regional knowledge unrelated variety on innovation at the emergence stage is more pronounced in large cities,while the effect of related variety on innovation at the growth and maturity stages only exist in small cities.Our findings provide an explanatory framework for the dispute of the effects of knowledge related and unrelated variety on innovation in economic geography research from the perspectives of heterogeneities of technology lifecycle stage and city size.This paper also provides some policy recommendations.The central government should formulate differentiated macro-innovation policies that conform to the characteristics of technological innovation at different stages,and promote regional divisions of technology

关 键 词：知识多样性 技术创新 技术生命周期 可再生能源技术 城市规模 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理]