有机肥用量对冬油菜产量及品质的影响  

Effects of manure dosage on yield and quality of winter oilseed rape

作　　者：崔鑫 崔宏卓 廖世鹏[1] 陆志峰[1] 丛日环[1] 李小坤[1] 任涛[1] 鲁剑巍[1] CUI Xin;CUI Hong-zhuo;LIAO Shi-peng;LU Zhi-feng;CONG Ri-huan;LI Xiao-kun;REN Tao;LU Jian-wei(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第8期1483-1494,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600500);财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”(CARS-12);湖北省现代农业产业技术体系项目(HBHZD-ZB-2020-005);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2662021ZH001)。

摘　　要：【目的】有机无机肥配合施用能明显提高作物的产量,并改善作物品质。探究有机肥用量对油菜籽粒产量和品质的影响,确定适宜的油菜有机肥用量,为油菜绿色优质生产提供技术支撑。【方法】于2018—2019和2019—2020年在湖北省荆门市沙洋县,开展了两年的田间试验。在施用N 200 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)75 kg/hm^(2)、K2O 90 kg/hm^(2)的基础上,设置5个有机肥用量处理:0(M0)、1125(M1)、2250(M2)、3375(M3)和4500(M4)kg/hm^(2)。分析不同有机肥用量下油菜产量、产量构成因子、地上部养分积累量、籽粒油分与蛋白质含量及产量,同时利用线性加平台模型探究最佳有机肥用量。【结果】在化肥用量相同的前提下,增施有机肥能进一步显著提高油菜籽产量,2018—2019和2019—2020年间产量最高的处理分别为M3和M2处理,分别较M0提高了109.0%和48.3%。油菜单株角果数和每角粒数与产量呈显著正相关,随着有机肥增加,油菜单株角果数和每角粒数均呈显著增加趋势,较M0处理分别提高了8.0%~50.3%与10.0%~36.9%,且均以M2处理最高。施用有机肥影响了籽粒氮和磷含量,对钾含量影响不大,但籽粒氮、磷、钾积累量分别提高了2.1%~72.1%、12.5%~91.7%与22.9%~71.8%。油菜籽粒含油率与蛋白质含量随着有机肥用量增加呈相反的趋势,有机肥处理籽粒含油率较M0处理降低了2.6%~10.9%,而籽粒蛋白质含量较M0处理分别最高增加了18.2%和27.1%,且两年间均在M2处理下最高。产油量与蛋白质产量随产量提高总体呈增加趋势,且分别在有机肥施用量为1758与2819 kg/hm^(2)时达到平台点,在本试验中,有机肥用量为2250 kg/hm^(2)时,种植油菜的农户可以获得最高油菜籽净收益。【结论】在施用化肥基础上增施有机肥可增加单株角果数和每角粒数,进而提高籽粒产量。油菜籽含油率和蛋白质含量呈负相关,较低的有机肥用量可以显著提高油菜籽产油量,而【Objectives】The combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers can enhance crop yield and improve crop quality.Exploring the effect and optimal application rate of organic fertilizer on rapeseed yield and quality will provide technical support for the green and high-quality production of rapeseed.【Methods】A two-year field experiment was conducted in Jinmen City,Hubei Province from 2018 to 2020.On the base of applying chemical fertilizer N 200 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)75 kg/hm^(2),K2O 90 kg/hm^(2),five manure dosage were set,including 0(M0),1125(M1),2250(M2),3375(M3)and 4500(M4)kg/hm^(2).Rapeseed yield and its component were investigated,shoot nutrient accumulation,seed oil and protein yield were analyzed.The linear plus platform model and the monic quadratic function model were used to explore the optimal amount of organic fertilizer.【Results】Compared with M0,manure application significantly increased rapeseed yield,M3 and M2 treatments achieved the highest seed yields,with increment by 109.0%and 48.3%in 2018−2019 and 2019−2020 growing seasons,respectively.The pod number per plant and seed number per pod were positively correlated with seed yield(P<0.05).The highest values of the two yield components were recorded in M2 treatment,which were 8.0%−50.3%and 10.0%−36.9%higher than M0,respectively.Manure dosage had remarkable influence on seed N and P content,few on seed K content.The seed N,P,and K accumulation raised by 2.1%−72.1%,12.5%−91.7%and 22.9%−71.8%,respectively.Seed oil and protein content changed oppositly with the increase of manure dosages.Increase of manure dosage decrease seed oil content by 2.6%−10.9%,but increased the seed protein content by up to 18.2%and 27.1%,respectively compared with M0.However,both oil and protein yield generally increased with yield,and arrived the platform level at manure dosage of 1758 and 2819 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The highest profit were made by selling rapeseed at manure dosage of 2250 kg/hm^(2) in this experiment.【Conclusions】On the

关 键 词：有机肥用量 冬油菜 产量 养分积累量 蛋白质含量 含油率 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]