轨道车辆牵引电机轴承的动力学建模与分析  

Dynamic modeling and analysis of traction motor bearing for railway vehicles

作　　者：方聪聪 关煜彬 周伟[1,2] 高广军[1,2] FANG Congcong;GUAN Yubin;ZHOU Wei;GAO Guangjun(School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2023年第8期3049-3060,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51905549);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ30716);长沙市科技重大专项(kh2103015);中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目(2022ZZTS0803)。

摘　　要：轨道车辆牵引电机轴承是重要的旋转支承部件,其高速运转过程中内部元件间产生复杂的接触、碰撞与冲击,是滚道表面疲劳损伤、保持架破损与电机振动噪声的重要来源,深入理解牵引电机轴承运转过程中内部元件的动力学特性,对于提高该关键部件的设计与运维水平具有重要意义。首先,以牵引电机圆柱滚子轴承为研究对象,基于Lagrange多体动力学方法与耦合能量耗散的Hertz接触理论,考虑轴承各部件瞬态动态效应,建立轨道车辆牵引电机轴承的动力学模型。随后,通过与Harris经典理论分析结果对比,验证该模型的准确性。最后,对轨道车辆某型牵引电机轴承处于不同转速、载荷与径向游隙工况下的动力学特性进行分析。结果表明:低转速和径向载荷较小的情况下,在承载区滚子的接触载荷分布呈现较为明显的波动,随着转速加快和径向载荷增大,在承载区滚子的接触载荷分布波动趋于平缓。低转速和较大径向游隙的情况下,内圈质心轨迹朝向无序状态发展且有明显波动,当高转速和较小径向游隙时,内圈质心轨迹稳定且规律性提高,随着转速增大,内圈质心位移运动范围扩大。径向游隙增大的情况下,导致承载区滚子受力逐渐增大,滚子与内圈之间的相互作用力显著增加,从而内圈质心竖直方向加速度变大,运动范围变大且无序性增加。Railway vehicle traction motor bearing is an important rotating support component.The complex contact,collision,and impact between the internal components during its high-speed operation is an important source of fatigue damage to the raceway surface,cage breakage and motor vibration noise.In-depth understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the internal components during the operation of traction motor bearings is important to improve the design,operation and maintenance of this key component.In this paper,the cylindrical roller bearing of a traction motor was first taken as the research object.Based on Lagrange multi-body dynamics method and the Hertz contact theory of coupled energy dissipation,and by considering the transient dynamic effects of bearing components,the dynamics model of the traction motor bearing for railway vehicles was established.Then,the accuracy of the model was verified by comparing with the results calculated via the classical Harris theory.Finally,the dynamic characteristics of a certain type of railway vehicle traction motor bearing were analyzed under the working conditions of different rotational speed,load,and radial clearance.It is found that when the rotational speed is low and radial load is small,the contact load distribution of the roller in the bearing area shows more obvious fluctuations.With the increase of rotational speed and radial load,the fluctuations of contact load distribution of the roller in the load bearing area tend to level off.When the rotational speed is low and the radial clearance is large,the inner ring mass center orbit develops towards the disorderly state and had obvious fluctuation.When the rotational speed is high and the radial clearance was small,the inner ring mass center orbit is stable and its regularity is improved.As the rotational speed increased,the range of the inner ring centroid trajectory is expanded.When the radial clearance increases,resulting in the roller stress of load bearing area gradually increases,the interaction force between

关 键 词：多体动力学建模 动力学特性 轨道车辆 牵引电机轴承 

分 类 号：TH133.33[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]