教育与收入分配:理论的逻辑与现实的证据  

Education and Income Distribution:Theoretic Logics and Actual Evidence

作　　者：杜育红[1,2] 郭艳斌 Du Yuhong;Guo Yanbin(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Educational Economics Laboratory,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;China National Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [2]华东师范大学教育经济实验室,上海200062 [3]中国教育科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2023年第10期1-11,共11页Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences

摘　　要：教育与收入分配的关系存在理论与现实的反差。以边际生产率为基础、通过提升人力资本水平增加个体收入,进而缩小社会收入差距的人力资本理论,与以库兹涅茨曲线为代表的市场可以自动解决收入分配问题的思想,共同构成了教育与收入分配关系的理论逻辑。西方发达国家教育大规模民主化普及化进程未能缩小收入差距的百年历史,以及改革开放四十多年来,我国教育普及化程度不断提高与收入分配差距持续扩大的现象并存,教育收益率不断提升与劳动报酬占比下降的现象并存,教育竞争白热化与教育对收入贡献不高的现象并存,揭示了与理论逻辑不完全一致的现实证据。发展何种教育以及为教育缩小收入差距提供怎样的外部环境是对理论与现实反差的一种解释,也是利用教育解决收入分配问题的重要方向:立足全生命周期,借助补偿性的公共教育体系逐步缩小教育不平等;劳动力市场改革与教育质量观的实质性变革同步推进;推动高水平市场机制的完善,营造有利于人力资本作用发挥的制度环境。There is an inconsistence between theory and fact in education and income distribution.Human capit-al theory including the marginal productivity,and the opinion of increasing income and further narrowing income gap by improving human capital level,and Kuznets Curve that market automatically solves income distribution prob-lem constitute the theoretic logic of education and income distribution.The mass process of education democratiza-tion and popularization hasn’t narrowed the income gap in the past few hundred years history of western developed countries.The coexistence of education popularization level and income gap expansion,the coexistence of higher re-turn of schooling and lower labor income share,and the coexistence of competitive education race and the lower share of education determining individual income since reform and opening-up disclose factual evidence inconsist-ent with theory expectations.Which type of education should be developed and how to provide environment with education is an explanation above inconsistency,and is also the future direction of solving income distribution via education:build compensative public education system based on life cycle to narrow education inequality;imple-ment labor market reform and actual change of education opinion synchronizedly;complete and improve high level market and create the institution environment good for human capital.

关 键 词：共同富裕 收入分配 教育民主化普及化 人力资本 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学] F124.7[文化科学—教育技术学]