滇南丘陵烟区2种烘烤工艺应用效果对比研究  

Comparative Study on the Application Effect of Two Curing Technology in Hilly Tobacco Areas of Southern Yunnan

作　　者：甄焕菊[1] 倪克平[1] 李同泉[1] 王改丽[1] ZHEN Huanju;NI Keping;LI Tongquan;WANG Gaili(China National Tobacco Corporation Staff Training College,Zhenzhou,Henan 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国烟草总公司职工进修学院,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第9期87-90,共4页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为进一步优化滇南丘陵某烟叶主产区烘烤工艺,采用对比烘烤试验,分析该烟区密集烤房常用的“三段十点烘烤工艺”(工艺A)和“三段六步烘烤工艺”(工艺B)2种烘烤工艺烤后烟叶的经济性状、烤坏烟数量及比例。结果表明:同等条件下工艺B能够明显减少挂灰烟、黑糟烟和级外烟数量,烘烤损失更低;对于上部烟叶,工艺B较工艺A烤后烟叶的均价提高0.5元·kg^(-1),增效较为明显。工艺A受普通烤房烘烤和三层密集烤房的烘烤技术影响较大,变黄期以“低温保湿变黄”策略为主,低温变黄时间偏长、排湿较少(小),整个烘烤过程设置的温度点较多,变黄期和定色期各相邻阶段的干球温度差异、目标任务差异相对较小,对操作人员判定烟叶变化是否达到目标、准确把握转火时机有较高技术要求,操控难度相对偏大。工艺B特点是高温变黄、低温定色、边变黄边排湿,慢升温,针对四层密集烤房上下层温差偏大的实际,干球38℃以前的低温变黄时间较短,以38℃为顶层烟叶主变黄温度,以42℃为底层烟叶主变黄温度,同时在42℃阶段提高了烟叶失水程度(顶层勾尖卷边、底层凋萎塌架),相对更有利于避免定色前期棕色化反应的发生。综上,相较于“三段十点烘烤工艺”(工艺A),“三段六步烘烤工艺”(工艺B)更加适用于滇南丘陵某烟叶主产区鲜烟叶烘烤特性、四层密集烤房性能特点,但要结合当年气候和鲜烟叶素质差异灵活操作。In order to further optimize the baking process in a major tobacco producing area in the hills of Southern Yunnan,comparative baking experiments were carried out to compare and analyze the economic characteristics,quantity and proportion of flue-cured tobacco after baking with the"three-stage ten point baking process"(process A)and the"three-stage six step baking process"(process B)commonly used in the intensive curing houses in this tobacco area.The results showed that under the same conditions,process B could significantly reduce the quantity of hanging ash tobacco,black lees tobacco and out of grade tobacco,Lower baking loss;For the upper tobacco leaves,the average price of flue-cured tobacco leaves in process B was increased by 0.5 yuan·kg^(-1) compared with that in process A,and the effect was obvious.Process A was greatly affected by ordinary baking and three-layer intensive baking.The yellowing period was mainly based on the strategy of"low-temperature moisture and yellowing".The low-temperature yellowing time was relatively long and the humidity was less(small).There were many temperature points set in the whole baking process.The difference between the dry bulb temperature and the target task in the adjacent stages of the yellowing period and the color fixing period was relatively small.It was helpful for operators to determine whether the change of tobacco leaves had reached the target.There were high technical requirements for accurately grasping the timing of fire change,and the control was relatively difficult.Process B was characterized by high-temperature yellowing,low-temperature color fixing,moisture removal while yellowing,and slow temperature rise.In view of the fact that the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of the four layer dense curing house was relatively large,the low-temperature yellowing time of the dry bulb before 38℃ was relatively short,taking 38℃ as the main yellowing temperature of the top layer of tobacco leaves and 42℃ as the main yellowing temperat

关 键 词：烘烤工艺 滇南丘陵烟区 三段式烘烤 密集烤房 经济性状 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] TS44[农业科学—作物学]