祭礼中祖先的“在”与“如在”  

Ancestors'“Being”and“Being Like Being”in Sacrificial Rituals

作　　者：霍明宇[1] HUO Mingyu(Institute of Chinese Culture,Chinese National Academy of Arts,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国艺术研究院中国文化研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《云梦学刊》2023年第5期89-95,共7页Journal of Yunmeng

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“基于儒家仁学思想的人类命运共同体研究”(22BKS196)。

摘　　要：古代祭祀礼仪会择取一个实物代替逝去的祖先,周代以前用尸,后代又出现了神主牌位、祖先画像等形式。后嗣面对着祖先的象征物,表达哀思和祷祝,也在想象中祖先的“注视”下确定着宗族文化的传承和自我的身份之名。祭礼中的祖先既是具象化的临在,又在想象中被后嗣加工重塑,成为宗族文化的符号,以有形和无形的存在影响着后人。In ancient sacrificial rituals,a physical object was chosen to replace a deceased ancestor.Before the Zhou Dynasty,the term“corpse”was used,and in later generations,forms such as deity tablets and ancestral portraits appeared.Descendants faced the symbols of their ancestors,expressing condolences and devout prayers,and also determining the inheritance of clan culture and the name of their own identity under the imagined gaze of their ancestors.Ancestors in the ritual are not only tangible beings,but also imaginatively processed and reshaped by their descendants,becoming symbols of clan culture,influencing future generations through tangible and intangible existence.

关 键 词：祭礼 临在 如在 象征义 

分 类 号：G09[文化科学]