人工智能立法背景下人工智能的法律定义  

Legal Definition of Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Artificial Intelligence Legislation

作　　者：陈亮 张翔 CHEN Liang;ZHANG Xiang(School of Artificial Intelligence and Law,Southwest University of Political Science&Law,Chongqing,401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人工智能法学院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2023年第5期162-170,共9页Social Sciences in Yunnan

摘　　要：科学、合理地界定人工智能的法律定义,是人工智能领域体系化立法的逻辑前提。在本体论意义上,人工智能首先是一种信息处理系统,而后才有人工智能科学、人工智能产业等社会性认知。从内涵看,人工智能是依托算力基础设施,通过控制系统的算法处理输入的数据,以软件或硬件等多元集成方式嵌入系统后输出,或者直接在具体场景中输出对人类某种理性功能的模拟状态,在环境中进行交互,并在目标约束下经过反馈修正,最终完成预设任务的信息系统,该种智能系统的法律本质为“理性智能体”。从外延看,人工智能既包括单纯的智能软件或硬件,也包括软件和硬件集成嵌入的智能体,而“强弱”之分和“通用专用”之分不适宜在外延中直接列举,而是需要随着技术发展通过评价性的法学判断来决定是否将其纳入人工智能的法律意涵。Scientifically and rationally defining the legal definition of artificial intelligence is the logical prerequisite for the systematic legislation in the field of artificial intelligence.In an ontological sense,artificial intelligence is first an information processing system,and then there are social cognitions such as artificial intelligence science and artificial intelligence industry.From the perspective of connotation,artificial intelligence relies on the computing power infrastructure,processes the input data through the algorithm of the control system,embeds it into the system in multiple integrated ways such as software or hardware,and then outputs it,or directly outputs some rational functions of human beings in specific scenarios.It is an information system that simulates the state,interacts in the environment,and undergoes feedback correction under the constraints of the goal,and finally completes the preset task.The legal essence of this kind of intelligent system is“rational agent”.From the denotation perspective,artificial intelligence does not only include pure intelligent software or hardware,but also intelligent agents integrated and embedded in software and hardware.The distinction between“strong and weak”and“general and specific”is not suitable to be listed directly in the denotation.With the development of technology,it is necessary to decide whether to include it in the legal meaning of artificial intelligence through evaluative legal judgment.

关 键 词：人工智能立法 法律定义 提取公因式 理性智能体 系统—控制论 

分 类 号：D922.17[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]