上海市嘉定区9~18岁儿童青少年校外用眼情况对近视发生风险的影响  

Effect of Off-campus Eye-use Behaviors on the Risk of Myopia among 9~18 Years Children and Adolescents in Jiading District of Shanghai

作　　者：杨飞飞 彭慧[1] 朱琰泓 薛俊磊 张琴[1] 马飞飞[1] 袁红[1] 彭谦[1] 王颖[2] Yang Feifei;Peng Hui;Zhu Yanhong;Xue Junlei;Zhang Qin;Ma Feifei;Yuan Hong;Peng Qian;Wang Ying(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiading District,Shanghai,201800,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心,上海201800 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200023

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2023年第8期103-107,共5页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：上海市嘉定区卫生健康委项目(2022-QN-08);上海市眼病防治中心“沪眼星光”人才培养项目(HYXG-QJ04);上海市嘉定区公共卫生优秀人才培养计划—学科后备带头人项目。

摘　　要：目的:了解上海市嘉定区9~18岁儿童青少年校外用眼情况对近视发生风险的影响,为中小学生近视的有效防控提供依据。方法:2021年9—10月采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在嘉定区随机选取6所学校的1660名9~18岁儿童青少年进行问卷调查,并采用标准对数视力表及电脑验光仪收集学生视力检查数据,采用多因素logistic回归分析校外用眼情况对学生近视的影响。结果:1660名9~18岁儿童青少年中检出近视学生1195人,总的近视率为71.9%。随着学生年级的升高,中度、高度近视学生的比例随之升高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=347.178,P<0.05);女生近视率为75.8%,高于男生(68.3%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.501,P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女生近视的发生风险是男生的1.410倍;初中、高中学生近视的发生风险分别是小学4~5年级学生的4.608倍和9.161倍。父母单方近视(OR=3.428)或双方都近视(OR=5.571),每天放学后做作业/读写时长<1 h(OR=12.526)、1~2 h(OR=12.312)、≥2 h(OR=11.076)均是学生发生近视的危险因素。经常能做到使用电子产品30~40 min后远眺放松眼睛10 min,可降低学生近视的发生风险(OR=0.679)。结论:放学后做作业/读写时长、使用电子产品30~40 min后远眺放松眼睛的频率会对学生的视力产生影响,学校及家长应该重视孩子的视力健康,减轻孩子的校外用眼负担。OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of off-campus eye-use behaviors on the risk of myopia among 9~18 years chil⁃dren and adolescents in Jiading district,and to provide evidence for effective prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents.METHODS From september to october of 2021,1660 students were selected from 6 schools in Jiading by using strati⁃fied cluster random sampling.The visual examination and questionnaires were carried out for them.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of off-campus eye-use behaviors on myopia.RESULTS Among 1660 children and adolescents aged 9~18,1195 myopia students were detected,and the total prevalence rate of myopia was 71.9%.With the increase of student grade,the proportion of moderate and high myopia increased,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=347.178,P<0.05).The prevalence rate of myopia in girls(75.8%)was higher than that in boys(68.3%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=11.501,P<0.05).The multiple factor logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of myopia in girls was 1.410 times higher than that in boys,the risk of myopia in junior high school and senior high school students was 4.608 times and 9.161 times higher than that of primary school students in grade 4~5,respectively.One parent with myopia(OR=3.428)or both parents with myopia(OR=5.571),the duration of homework/reading and writing after school<1 hours(OR=12.526),1~2 hours(OR=12.312),≥2 hours(OR=11.076)were all risk factors for myopia in students.The frequency of relaxing eyes for 10 minutes after 30~40 minutes of using electron⁃ic products can reduce the risk of myopia(OR=0.679).CONCLUSION The duration of homework/reading and writing after school,and frequently relaxing eyes after 30~40 minutes of using electronic products will have an impact on the eyesight of students.Schools and parents should pay more attention to children’s eyesight health and reduce the burden of children’s off-campus eye use.

关 键 词：儿童青少年 校外 用眼行为 近视 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]