砂岩型铀矿床微生物多样性及铀成矿作用——以二连盆地哈达图铀矿床为例  

Microbial Diversity and Uranium Mineralization of Sandstone Type Uranium Deposits:A Case Study of Hadatu Uranium Deposit in Erlian Basin

作　　者：林效宾[1] 李西得[1] 刘武生[1] 刘红旭[1] 刘旭 LIN Xiaobin;LI Xide;LIU Wusheng;LIU Hongxu;LIU Xu(CNNC Key Laboratory of Uranium Resources Exploration and Evaluation Technology,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业北京地质研究院,中核集团铀资源勘查与评价技术重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《铀矿地质》2023年第5期743-757,共15页Uranium Geology

基　　金：中国核工业地质局项目“北方中新生代盆地砂岩铀矿新一轮战略选区”(编号:地D2204);“重点勘查区铀资源前景评价研究”(编号:地D2219);中核集团集中研发项目“第四代铀矿勘查关键技术研究与示范”(编号:中核科发[2021]143号地SD01)和“二连铀矿基地勘查关键技术研究与示范”(编号:中核科发[2018]111号LCEQ01)联合资助。

摘　　要：微生物在砂岩型铀矿床成矿过程中具有重要的作用,其多样性以及地球化学作用研究仍处于发展阶段。文章以二连盆地哈达图铀矿床作为研究实例,通过对矿区地下水样品过滤后的滤膜直接进行16S rDNA高通量测序,确定了矿体部位微生物菌落的组成特征。该矿床矿体部位存在大量细菌及古菌,其中细菌为好氧细菌和厌氧细菌并存,且以需氧菌占优,古菌以厌氧产甲烷菌和亚硝化细菌为主;大多数微生物通过自身代谢作用参与了含矿含水层C、S、N、Fe、U等元素的循环。在有机质存在的条件下,微生物可通过对多种元素价态的改变致使地下水水质参数发生改变,从而直接或间接参与铀元素的氧化、还原、吸附、沉淀等成矿过程。研究微生物在铀矿床内的菌落组成及相关元素微生物代谢过程,有助于深入认识砂岩型铀矿床低温流体运移富集成矿机理。Microorganisms play an important role in the mineralization of sandstone-type uranium deposits,but the research on their diversity and geochemical mechanism is still in the beginning stage.In this paper,Hadatu uranium deposit in Erlian Basin was studied in the composition characteristics of microbial colonies in the ore body by directly determining high-throughput sequencing of the filter membrane with l6S rDNA after filtering the groundwater samples in the mining area.A large number of bacteria and archaea were found in the ore body of the deposit,which dominated by aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria coexist,and obligate aerobic bacteria and facultative aerobic bacteria.Most microorganisms participatet in the circulation of C,S,N,Fe,U and other elements in the ore bearing aquifer through their own metabolism.In the presence of organic matter,microorganisms changed the groundwater quality parameters by changing the valence states of various elements,thus directly or indirectly participating in the oxidation,reduction,adsorption,precipitation and other mineralization processes of uranium elements.The study of microbial colony composition and microbial metabolism of related elements in uranium deposits will help the further understand of the mechanism of low-temperature fluid migration and enrichment of sandstone-type uranium deposits.

关 键 词：砂岩型铀矿床 微生物多样性 微生物成矿 二连盆地 哈达图铀矿床 

分 类 号：P619.14[天文地球—矿床学]