男子排球高水平运动员起跳扣球能力与下肢肌群拉长–缩短周期运动能力间的相关性研究  

Correlation of Spike Jump Performance to the Stretch-Shortening Cycle Movement Ability of Lower Limb Muscles in High-level Male Volleyball Players

作　　者：李志远 汪焱[2] 梁永杰 刘金富 Li Zhiyuan;Wang Yan;Liang Yongjie;Liu Jinfu(Department of Public Physical and Art Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Institute of Physical Education,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China;Department of Physical Education,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025,China;Department of PE and Military Training Jiaxing Nanhu University,Jiaxing 314001,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共体育与艺术部,杭州310058 [2]福州大学体育教学研究部,福州350108 [3]贵州财经大学体育工作部,贵阳550025 [4]嘉兴南湖学院体育与军训部,嘉兴314000

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2023年第6期437-444,共8页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：浙江省高校重大人文社科攻关计划项目(2021QN044)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨男子排球运动员扣球起跳能力特征,及其与下肢肌群不同类型的拉长–缩短周期(SSC)运动能力间的关系。方法:选取省队以上水平男子排球高水平运动员84名,大学生男子排球高水平运动员118名,共计202名运动员作为本研究的受试者。受试者均完成1步助跑(SPJ_(1))和3步助跑的扣球起跳(SPJ_(3))动作测试;同时,在三维测力台上进行下蹲跳(CMJ)和连续反弹跳(RJ)测试,并计算出扣球起跳高度(SPJ-H)、下蹲跳高度(CMJ-H)、连续反弹跳高度(RJ-H)以及反应力量系数(RJ-index)等生物力学指标。采用Person相关分析计算SPJ_(1)与SPJ_(3)跳跃高度与下蹲跳和连续反弹跳跳跃能力间的关系,并采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差(One-ANOVA)分析,分别比较不同水平和不同场上位置运动员CMJ和RJ跳跃能力指标间的差异。结果:(1)专业运动员CMJ-H、RJ-index、SPJ_(1)-H和SPJ_(3)-H均显著高于大学生运动员(P<0.01);(2)SPJ_(1)-H和SPJ_(3)-H与CMJ-H、RJ-index间均存在显著性正相关(P<0.01),且CMJ-H与RJ-index间也存在显著性正相关(P<0.01);(3)根据CMJ-H与RJ-index间回归直线残差的±1SD,将跳跃类型分为CMJ型、中间型和RJ型,在不同场上位置的人数偏倚程度存在显著性差异(χ^(2)=14.67,P<0.05),副攻手中CMJ型的运动员占多数,主攻手中RJ型运动员占多数,自由人和二传手中CMJ型和RJ型两者间的人数相当。(4)RJ型运动员SPJ_(1)-H和SPJ_(3)-H显著高于CMJ型和中间型(P<0.01)。结论:下蹲跳和反弹跳能力是影响排球运动扣球能力的重要构成因素,随着运动员竞技水平的提高,反弹跳能力逐渐占据主导地位;运动员跳跃类型因场上位置有所不同,就副攻手而言,短助跑起跳扣球能力占主导地位,而对主攻手而言,由于需要充分的助跑进行起跳扣球,下肢进行弹振式拉长–缩短周期运动的跳跃能力则占主导地位。Objective To explore the characteristics of spiking take-off ability of male volleyball players,and its relationship to different types of stretch-shortening cycle(SSC)movements.Methods Totally 202 subjects,including 84 volleyball players from the provincial team and 118 high-level volleyball players from universities were selected.All subjects underwent the spike jump(SPJ)with 1-step and 3-step approach.At the same time,counter movement Jump(CMJ)and continuous rebound jump(RJ)were tested on the three-dimensional force plaform,and the biomechanical indexes such as the spike jump height(SPJ-H),counter movement jump(CMJ-H),continuous rebound jump height(RJ-H)and rebound jump index(RJ-index)were calculated.Person correlation analysis was used to calculate the relationship of SPJ_(1)and SPJ_(3)jump height to the CMJ and RJ ability.Meanwhile,the independent sample t test and one-way variance(One-ANOVA)analysis were used to compare the differences between CMJ and RJ ability of athletes at different levels and court positions.Results(1)The average CMJ-H,RJ-index,SPJ_(1)-H and SPJ_(3)-H of elite athletes were significantly higher than college athletes(P<0.01).(2)The average SPJ_(1)-H and SPJ_(3)-H were of significant positive correlation to the average CMJ-H and RJ-index,so was CMJ-H to RJ-index.(3)According to the residual±1SD of the linear regression between CMJ-H and RJ-index,the jump types were classified into CMJ type,intermediate type and RJ type,and there were significant differences in the degree of bias in the number of jump types at different positions(Х^(2)=14.67,P<0.05).To be more specific,the middle blockers and left strikers were mainly of CMJ and RJ,while liberos and setters were equally of CMJ and RJ.(4)SPJ_(1)-H and SPJ_(3)-H of RJ-type sportsmen were significantly higher than those of CMJ-and intermediate type ones(P<0.01).Conclusion Spiking take-off ability of volleyball players are significantly affected by CMJ and RJ ability.With the improvement of competitive level,the RJ ability gradually dominat

关 键 词：排球运动员 扣球起跳能力 拉长–缩短周期运动能力 运动表现特征 

分 类 号：G842[文化科学—体育训练]