新疆盐碱水湖塘生态养殖模式下鱼类生长及肌肉营养品质  

A comparative study on fish growth and nutritional composition under pond ecological farming in Xinjiang

作　　者：葛建民 訾方泽 王新月 任道全 宋勇 孙真 喻雅丽 陈生熬 GE Jianmin;ZI Fangze;WANG Xinyue;REN Daoquan;SONG Yong;SUN Zhen;YU Yali;CHEN Sheng’ao(College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Tarim Research Center of Rare Fishes,Alar 843300,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木珍稀鱼类研究中心,新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔843300 [3]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [4]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第5期559-572,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360635);国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项(2020YFD0900403).

摘　　要：为探究新疆盐碱水湖塘生态养殖模式下鱼类的生长和肌肉营养品质及鱼类养殖对盐碱湖塘水质的影响,自2022年4月9日起,在新疆阿拉尔市十四团天鹅湖连续开展60 d盐碱水湖塘生态养殖实验,每30 d采集1次鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和叶尔羌高原鳅(Triplophysa yarkandensis),分析盐碱水湖塘生态养殖模式下这4种鱼类的生长性状和肌肉营养品质;连续开展150 d水质检测,每30 d采集水样1次,分析水质理化指标变化。结果显示,盐碱水湖塘生态养殖模式下鲤、鲫、草鱼和叶尔羌高原鳅的特定生长率(SGR)分别为0.77%/d、0.55%/d、0.65%/d和0.89%/d;3种大宗淡水鱼类肌肉中水分含量介于75.32%~76.13%,显著高于叶尔羌高原鳅(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量介于17.79%~22.35%,显著低于叶尔羌高原鳅(P<0.05),3种大宗淡水鱼类和叶尔羌高原鳅肌肉中水分和粗蛋白含量存在显著差异(P<0.05);4种鱼类肌肉中均测出17种氨基酸,3种大宗淡水鱼类肌肉中氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)和非必需氨基酸含量(NEAA)分别为83.34%~91.13%、35.87%~37.50%和46.71%~55.23%,TAA和EAA显著高于叶尔羌高原鳅(P<0.05);4种鱼类的EAA/TAA比值变幅在39.36%~45.32%,EAA/NEAA变幅在64.94%~78.42%,鲤、鲫和叶尔羌高原鳅达到了WHO/FAO理想模式的要求,草鱼略低;4种鱼类肌肉中共测出24种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)分别为23.04%~28.95%、30.31%~39.36%和29.80%~34.17%,PUFA/SFA比值介于1.18~1.30之间,肌肉中二十碳五烯酸(C20:5n3,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6n3,DHA)含量丰富,属优质PUFA膳食来源;盐碱水湖塘生态养殖水域中盐度、碱度、Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、CO_(3)^(2-)和HCO_(3)^(-)等浓度在4—7月呈持续降低趋势,水域环境优化趋势明显。研究表明,盐碱水湖塘生态养殖模式下草鱼呈匀速生长,鲤、鲫和叶�To effectively utilize the abandoned saline-alkali water in Xinjiang and establish a model of inland saline-alkali water fishery breeding,we conducted a study from April to September 2022 at Swan Lake of the Fourteenth Regiment in Alar City,Xinjiang.We collected water and fish samples every 30 d to analyze the changes in physical and chemical water quality indices,growth trends,and nutritional components of Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,Ctenopharyngodon idella,and Triplophysa yarkandensis under pond ecological farming.The results indicated that the concentrations of Sal,Alk,Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,SO42-,CO32-and HCO3-in Swan Lake decreased significantly in July(P<0.05),and there were no significant changes in Cu2+concentration(P>0.05).The specific growth rate(SGR)and weight gain rate(WGR)of Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,and Ctenopharyngodon idella were lower than those of Triplophysa yarkandensis under this breeding mode.The moisture,crude protein,crude ether extract,and crude ash contents in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,and Ctenopharyngodon idella were 75.32%-76.13%,17.79%-22.35%,2.74%-4.25%,and 1.67%-4.45%,respectively.The content of delicious amino acids(DAA)in the muscle of the three types of freshwater fish was significantly higher when cultured in saline-alkali water than in freshwater(P<0.05);the essential amino acids(EAA)/total amino acids(TAA)and EAA/non-essential amino acids(NEAA)in the muscles of Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus were following the ideal model of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)and the World Health Organization(WHO).The eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)contents in the muscles of the four kinds of fish were high,owing to the dietary sources of high quality protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA).Principal component analysis indicated that the amino acid and fatty acid composition of Triplophysa yarkandensis was significantly different from that of the three major freshwater fishes(P<0.05).The results

关 键 词：盐碱水 湖塘生态养殖 生长性状 营养成分 营养品质 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖]