苏鲁黄海沿岸地区史前至商周时期的石椁墓研究  

PREHISTORIC TO SHANG AND ZHOU STONE COFFIN TOMBS IN YELLOW SEA COASTAL REGION OF JIANGSU AND SHANDONG

作　　者：白云翔[1] Bai Yunxiang

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,济南250100

出　　处：《考古学报》2023年第3期309-336,共28页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

摘　　要：目次一石椁墓的发现及其文化性质和年代二石椁墓的类型、演变与墓地三石椁墓的发生与扩散及相关问题四余论江苏和山东两省的黄海沿岸地区(以下简称“苏鲁黄海沿岸地区”)作为海岱历史文化区((1))的东部边缘地带,在新石器时代乃至夏商时期,其历史发展进程和文化面貌总体上说与海岱中心地区是基本一致的。就墓葬类型而言,同样都是流行竖穴土坑墓以及竖穴土圹木棺墓或木椁墓。In the Yellow Sea coastal region of Jiangsu and Shandong provinces,vertical earthen pit tombs and those with wooden coffins were the predominant tomb types from the Neolithic Age to the Shang and Zhou dynasties.Meanwhile,a small number of stone coffin tombs,constructed with stone slabs or stones inside the earthen pit,were discovered.Over 124 stone coffin tombs have been found in six locations along the Yellow Sea coast.Based on differences in tomb structure,construction methods,and stone materials,these tombs can be classified into two main categories:Type A(with a lid but no bottom)and Type B(with both a lid and bottom).Each type can be further divided into subtypes A,B,and C.The popularity of stone coffin tombs can be divided into three stages,each with distinct tomb types.The early stage,dating from around 4500 to 3500 BCE,was characterized by Type A-A tombs,exemplified by the Guanyun Dayishan site.The middle stage,dating from around 2700 to 2400 BCE,featured Types A-A,A-B,B-A,and B-B tombs at sites such as Rizhao Donghaiyu,Rizhao Sujiacun,Zhucheng Shihetou,and Wendeng Yanglidian.The late stage,associated with local cultural remains from the ninth century BCE and surrounding periods,saw the prevalence of Type A-C and Type B-C tombs at the Rushan Nanhuangzhuang site.Stone coffin tomb sites mainly come in two forms:pure stone coffin tomb sites,such as Dayishan,Shihetou,Yanglidian,and Nanhuangzhuang;and mixed sites,where stone coffin tombs are interspersed among ordinary vertical earthen pit tombs,with smaller numbers found at locations like Donghaiyu and Sujiacun.After first appearing in northeastern Jiangsu around 4500 BCE,stone coffin tombs gradually spread outward.Although they reached the Tai'an Dawenkou site in the northwest inland around 4200 BCE,the main expansion began along the west coast of the Yellow Sea around 2700 BCE and even crossed the Bohai Strait to the Liaodong Peninsula around 2500 BCE.This spread was accompanied by human migration.

关 键 词：商周时期 石椁墓 墓葬类型 木椁墓 竖穴土坑墓 新石器时代 文化面貌 历史文化区 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K22[历史地理—历史学]