血清抗视网膜抗体在视网膜疾病中的作用研究进展  

Research progress of serum anti-retinal autoantibodies in retinal diseases

作　　者：王子霖 孙晓东[1] Wang Zilin;Sun Xiaodong(Department of Ophthalmology,Shanghai General Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine,Shanghai 200080,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学附属第一人民医院眼科国家眼部疾病临床医学研究中心上海市眼底病重点实验室上海眼视觉与光医学工程技术研究中心,上海200080

出　　处：《中华眼底病杂志》2023年第9期779-783,共5页Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82171076);上海市科委项目(20Z11900400);上海申康医院发展中心重大临床研究项目(SHDC2020CR2040B、SHDC2020CR5014)。

摘　　要：血清抗视网膜抗体(ARA)是一组血清中可与视网膜自身抗原结合的抗体谱,在视网膜退行性改变、炎症微环境的形成、组织破坏等病理过程中具有重要的生物学意义。近年来研究发现,ARA在老年性黄斑变性、自身免疫性视网膜疾病、视网膜色素变性等中表达升高,且表达程度与疾病发展过程相关。然而目前对ARA的研究尚不完善,缺乏动物实验以及大范围的随机对照临床试验,导致ARA的具体作用机制尚不十分明确。尽管多项研究已经证明,血清ARA在遗传性、自身免疫性、退行性视网膜疾病中具有重要的辅助诊断价值,但目前缺乏公认的实验室检测手段与特异性强、灵敏度高的实验室指标,仍需结合临床体征才能对疾病进行确诊,具有一定的局限性。明确ARA在视网膜疾病中的作用机制,能够为探索多种视网膜疾病的早期诊断和治疗提供新思路,从而更好地保护视网膜细胞,对维持视功能具有重要的临床和科学意义。Serum anti-retinal autoantibodies(ARA)are a group of autoantibodies that bind to retinal auto-antigens with significant biological importance in pathological processes such as retinal degeneration,inflammatory microenvironment formation,and tissue destruction.In recent years,the expression of serum antiretinal antibodies has been found to be upregulated in patients with various blinding retinal diseases such as agerelated macular degeneration,autoimmune retinopathy,and retinitis pigmentosa,closely correlated with the progression of diseases.However,current researches on ARA are incomplete,lacking animal experiments and large randomized controlled clinical trials.As a result,the exact mechanism of ARA is not well understood.Although several studies have demonstrated that serum ARA has an important diagnostic value in hereditary,autoimmune,and degenerative retinal diseases,there still lacks recognized laboratory tests and laboratory indicators with high specificity and sensitivity.Clinical symptoms should be considered when making definitive diagnosis of the diseases.Therefore,clarifying the mechanisms of ARA in retinal dystrophies provides new ideas in early diagnosis and treatments of retinal diseases,which is clinically and scientifically important for the maintenance of visual functions.

关 键 词：自身免疫 抗视网膜抗体 视网膜疾病 综述 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]