汉语N_(1)VN_(2)型复合词的构式解读  

A constructionist account of N_(1)VN_(2) compounds in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：宋作艳[1] SONG Zuoyan

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/北京大学中文系,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第5期531-547,638,共18页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“基于构式形态学的汉语词法研究”(19BYY032)的资助。

摘　　要：N_(1)VN_(2)型复合词的生成机制、层次结构等存在很大争议。本文引人构式理论和构式语块分析法,认为这个词法模式已成为词法构式,具有非组合性、规约性和非派生性。其主功能是根据功用命名事物,次功能是构建三级概念层级,倾向书面正式语体。其结构不是二分的N_(1)V/N_(2)或N_(2)/VN_(2),而是三分的[N_(1)+V+N_(2)],对应语块链[功用对象/结果+功用+事物],V与左右成分语义关系都很紧密。新词语不是转换生成,也不是逐层组合生成,而是根据图式构式整体生成、整体理解。构式视角研究直接从表层人手,立足整体,采用上下互动整合的分析策略,对外比较相关构式确定该词法构式的特点与价值,对内区分典型性不同的构例,可以解释一些遗留问题,揭示此类复合词的内在一致性和更多特点。The generation and structure of N,VN,compounds in Mandarin Chinese are highly controversial.Based on Construction Grammar and Construction-Chunk Approach,this paper proposes that this lexical paterm has become a morphological construction,which is conventionalized,non-compositional,and non-derivational.Mostly applied in formal writings,the primary function of such a construction is to name things based on their function,and its secondary function is to construct a three-level conceptual hierarchy.Instead of the dichotomous parsing paradigms of N_(1)V/N_(2) or N_(1)/VN_(2),these compounds are in the structure of a trichotomous[N_(1)+V+N_(2)]corresponding to the chunk chain[object/result+function+thing],where V is closely related to both left and right constituents semantically.New words in such a construction are not generated by transformation or the combination of constituents layer by layer but rather by schematic construction as a whole.With the combination of top-down and bottom-up analysis,this constructionist account focuses on the holistic property of such compounds and compares them with related constructions.

关 键 词：构式词法 构式语块分析法 组块理论 图式 整体性 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]