先秦哲学中三则“梦”的叙事及其诠释的哲学解析  

Three Examples of Dream Narratives in Pre-Qin Philosophy and Their Philosophical Interpretations

作　　者：吴根友[1] 周衿瑶 Wu Genyou;Zhou Jinyao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学动态》2023年第8期42-51,127,128,共12页Philosophical Trends

摘　　要：先秦哲学思想中,对“孔子梦与不梦见周公”的诠释,经宋明儒的注解,主要体现为政治哲学与道德哲学的两种路径。“庄周梦蝶”与“真人无梦”的两则故事,从人生哲学与道德修养的两个角度来看,则主要体现了庄子的怀疑主义哲学倾向和追求绝对道德理性的倾向。而荀子“心卧则梦”的命题,主要表现为追求绝对认知理性的倾向。这三位哲学家有关“梦”的叙事,以及后人对其有关“梦”的叙事的解释或说明,表面上看来并无多少关联性,但从精神现象的角度看,其主旨却是相当统一的,即将“梦”视为非理性的精神或意识现象。不过,宋明诸儒对孔子梦或不梦见周公叙事的解释或说明的思想解释史,却透露出一种可取的“释梦”态度,即从理性的角度去解释人的精神现象之一的“梦”的义涵。因此,中国哲学史上与“梦”相关的思想论述,似可被纳入中国哲学史的研究,使作为精神现象之一的“梦”也可以进入中国哲学史的研究视野。In the philosophical thought of the pre-Qin era,the narratives about Confucius'dreaming or not dreaming of Duke of Zhou,as explained or interpreted by Song and Ming Confucians,primarily center on political and moral philosophy.From the perspectives of existential philosophy and ethical cultivation,we can look at Zhuangzi and Xunzi,namely the two narratives,"Zhuang Zhou's Dream of a Butterfly"and"The Authentic Person has No Dreams"which predominantly reflect Zhuangzi's skeptical philosophical inclinations and his pursuit of absolute moral rationality,and Xunzi's proposition that"When the mind-heart is asleep,it dreams mainly showcase a pursuit of absolute cognitive rationality",.There appears to be no connection between these philosophical accounts of dreams and subsequent generations'explanations or interpretations of them.From a spiritual perspective,however,their themes exhibit remarkable unity in the sense that they regard dreams as irrational phenomena.However,Song-Ming Confucian interpretations concerning whether Confucius dreamed or did not dream of Duke of Zhou reveals an adaptive attitude towards dream interpretation,wherein the meaning of dreams can be explained or interpreted from a rational standpoint.Zhang Zai,Cheng Yi,Zhu Xi and their disciples did not view Confucius,in his later years,as no longer dreaming of Duke of Zhou merely the result of his personal unconscious;instead,they associated it with specific political ideals and individual moral achievements through both explanatory and interpretive approaches.In Chinese philosophy,it is intriguing to observe how Song-Ming Confucians provide rational interpretations of dreams while Zhuangzi and Xunzi adopt an irrational stance towards them.Regarding the philosophical interpretation of dreams,there are two distinct modes of discourse:explanation and interpretation.Explanation is a positive approach to the mechanisms of dreams that tends to analyze them as a mental phenomenon by clarifying what kind of mental phenomenon it is.It mainly uses descriptive

关 键 词：梦 孔子梦与不梦见周公 庄周梦蝶 真人无梦 心卧则梦 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]