激励性政策工具如何更科学有效——民办学前教育管理中的政府支持探析  

How Incentive Policy Tools Can be More Scientific and Effective:Exploration on Government Support in the Management of Private Preschool Education

作　　者：高敬 瞿佳杰 GAO Jing;QU Jiajie(Shanghai Preschool Education College of Shanghai,Shanghai 200234;Child Care Office of Shanghai Education Municipal Commission,Shanghai 200003)

机构地区：[1]上海学前教育学院,上海200234 [2]上海市教育委员会托幼工作处,上海200003

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2023年第12期33-39,共7页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：2020年度上海市人民政府决策咨询教育政策专项课题“民办托幼机构的成本与支持政策”(Z1503)的部分成果。

摘　　要：由我国相关政策文件可知,政府在民办学前教育的管理中履行关键职责。我国各级政府承担了规范和支持民办幼儿园健康发展的主导责任,组合运用了多元政策工具,其中不乏激励性政策工具的使用。然而,从政府民办学前教育激励性政策工具的使用现状来看,具体操作中的支持路径较依赖民办园的外部属性,造成强者恒强的“马太”效应,公平性尚不够。为科学有效达成支持民办幼儿园、促进民办学前教育实现公益性和可持续发展的政策目标,政府可借鉴政府治理理论,创新激励性政策工具的操作,以民办幼儿园内部办园成本为支持路径,参考生均成本数量、成本项目和相应金额等实证数据,兼顾我国民办幼儿园分类管理制度,对不同类型的民办幼儿园进行针对性支持。According to the relevant policy documents of our country,government performed key responsibilities in the management of private preschool education.China's governments at all levels have shouldered the leading role in standardizing and supporting the healthy development of private kindergartens,and have used a combination of multiple policy tools,among which is incentive policy tool.However,from the current status of the use of government incentive policy tools,the specific operation of the support path is more dependent on the external attributes of private kindergartens,resulting in the Matthew effect of the strongest being stronger,and the equity is not yet sufficient.In order to scientifically and effectively achieve the policy goals of supporting private kindergartens and promoting public welfare and sustainable development of private preschool education,the government can learn from the theory of government governance,innovate the decision and operation of incentive policy tool,try to choose the internal running cost of private kindergartens as support path.The government can refer to the serials of empirical data of average cost per child,items of cost and their corresponding amount,and also consider the classified management system of private kindergartens in our country as well,so as to provide targeted support to different types of private kindergartens.

关 键 词：民办学前教育 激励性政策工具 办园成本 政府治理 

分 类 号：G619.2[文化科学—学前教育学]