基于充油流量与曝气程度的拖拉机动力换向性能研究  

Dynamic Change Direction of Tractor Based on Oil Filling Flow and Aeration Degree

作　　者：闫祥海 魏海江 刘孟楠 赵俊峰 张静云 徐立友 YAN Xianghai;WEI Haijiang;LIU Mengnan;ZHAO Junfeng;ZHANG Jingyun;XU Liyou(College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment,Luoyang 471003,China;Luoyang Oriental Zhongcheng Clutch Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学车辆与交通工程学院,洛阳471003 [2]智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室,洛阳471003 [3]洛阳东方众成离合器有限公司,洛阳453003

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第8期381-393,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2001203、2022YFD2001201B);农业关键核心技术GG项目(NK202216010103);智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室开放项目(SKT2022001、SKLIAPE2023006)。

摘　　要：围绕拖拉机动力换向离合器充油流量易受温度、回位弹簧刚度和预紧力等因素影响,液压油在加注及工作过程中易受空气污染,导致液压油空气含量增加的工程应用问题,探究了不同充油流量及曝气程度对动力换向性能的影响。以换向时间、冲击度、滑摩功和磨损量为评价指标对换向性能进行了评估,以期提高拖拉机动力换向品质、工作效率和传动系使用寿命。以东方红LF2204型拖拉机TX4A传动系为研究对象,建立了考虑充油流量和曝气程度的动力换向过程数学模型,基于ADAMS、Matlab/Simulink和AMESim平台分别建立了换向离合器机械模型、控制模型和液压模型,对拖拉机Ⅰ挡作业时前进挡切换为倒退挡的工况进行了仿真分析与台架试验验证。仿真结果表明:当液压油曝气程度为0.1%,充油流量分别为16、14 L/min时,与20 L/min流量相比,换向时间分别增长20%和43%,变速器最小输出转矩分别下降26%和52%,滑摩功分别上升33%和78%,最大冲击度分别下降11%和18%,最大磨损量分别上升24%和44%。当充油流量为20 L/min,曝气程度分别为1%和5%时,与0.1%曝气程度相比,换向时间分别增长26%和85%,变速器最小输出转矩分别下降0.4%和0.8%,滑摩功分别上升38%和163%,最大冲击度分别下降57%和50%,最大磨损量分别上升47%和163%。台架试验结果表明:试验数据与仿真试验数据变化趋势基本保持一致,误差都在5%之内,最大误差出现在充油流量为20 L/min、曝气程度为5%时,主要原因是油液自身脉动对传感器产生冲击影响,以及比例阀受油液气泡影响,输出精度降低。The effects of different oil flow rates and aeration degree on the performance of power reversing were studied.The oil flow rate of tractor power reversing clutch is easily affected by temperature,return spring stiffness and preload force,and the air content of hydraulic oil is easily polluted during filling and working.The reversing performance was evaluated by using reversing time,impact,slip work and wear to improve the quality of the tractor's power reversing,working efficiency and service life of the drive train.Taking the TX4A drive train of Dongfanghong LF2204 tractor as the research object,the mathematical model of the dynamic reversing process considering the oil filling flow and aeration degree was established.The mechanical model,control model and hydraulic model of the reversing clutch were established based on ADAMS,Matlab/Simulink and AMESim.Simulation analysis and bench test were carried out under the condition that the forward gear changed to the backward gear when the tractor was working in I gear.The simulation results showed that when the hydraulic oil aeration degree was 0.1% and the oil filling flow rate was 16 L/min,and 14 L/min,compared with the flow rate of 20 L/min,the commutation time was increased by 20% and 43%,the transmission minimum output torque was decreased by 26% and 52%,the slip work was increased by 33% and 78%,the maximum impact degree was decreased by 11% and 18%,maximum wear was increased by 24% and 44%,respectively.When the oil flow rate was 20 L/min and the aeration degree was 1% and 5%,compared with the aeration degree of 0.1%,the commutation time was increased by 26% and 85%,the minimum output torque of the transmission was decreased by 0.4% and 0.8%,the slip work was increased by 38% and 163%,the maximum impact degree was decreased by 57% and 50%,and maximum wear was increased by 47% and 163%,respectively.The bench test results showed that the variation trend of the test data was basically consistent with that of the simulation test data,and the error was within 5%.The

关 键 词：拖拉机 动力换挡变速器 充油流量 曝气程度 换向性能 

分 类 号：S219[农业科学—农业机械化工程]