基于动态仿真技术的装配式建筑施工人员配置优化:以流水施工模式为例  

Construction worker allocation optimization of prefabricated buildings based on intelligent simulation:A case study of flow construction mode

作　　者：满庆鹏[1] 郑慕华 常远 杨晓林[1] 袁振民 马川峰 Man Qingpeng;Zheng Muhua;Chang Yuan;Yang Xiaolin;Yuan Zhenmin;Ma Chuanfeng(Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China;Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China;Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China;Heilongjiang Yuhui New Building Materials Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学土木工程智能防灾减灾工业和信息化部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [2]中央财经大学,北京100081 [3]山东建筑大学,山东济南250101 [4]黑龙江宇辉新型建筑材料有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《土木工程学报》2023年第9期178-188,共11页China Civil Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72071220)。

摘　　要：装配式建筑施工中存在大量的重复性工作,且施工场地人员密度直接影响工人的施工效率。因此,装配式建筑施工的人员配置影响着项目工期、成本及碳排放绩效表现。基于以上问题,提出基于动态仿真技术的装配式建筑施工人员配置优化方法。首先,根据装配式建筑施工逻辑流程图及资源参数建立仿真模型。然后,基于人员密度对施工效率的影响,提出工期、成本和碳排放的计量函数。最后,通过Arena的OptQuest工具,分别以工期、成本和碳排放绩效为目标,对施工人员配置方案进行优化。通过典型案例验证方法的合理性,研究结果表明:以动态仿真技术实现的施工人员配置优化,可以缩短20.43%的工期、降低6.72%的成本、减少18.31%的碳排放;在施工场地人员密度的影响下,人员数量与工期不呈现正相关关系,与成本、碳排放无明确关系;从整体仿真结果来看,工期、成本和碳排放目标呈现协同性,但亦有单次模拟结果表明绩效间无明显协同甚至出现互斥关系;由于单绩效目标优化可能会造成其他绩效的损失,因此在制定施工人员配置方案时,应全面考虑成本、工期和碳排放绩效,根据项目实际管理需要,在多个绩效中权衡取舍。Prefabricated building construction includes a lot of repetitive work,and the density of construction on-site worker directly affects the construction efficiency.Therefore,the allocation of prefabricated building construction worker is related to the performance of construction period,cost,and carbon emissions.As such,a construction worker allocation optimization method of prefabricated buildings based on dynamic simulation technology is proposed.Firstly,a simulation model is established according to the construction logic flow chart and resource parameters of prefabricated buildings.Then,based on the impact of worker density on construction efficiency,the measurement function of construction period,cost,and carbon emissions is set.Finally,the allocation scheme of construction workers is optimized via Arena's OptQuest tool with the construction time,cost,and carbon emissions as indexes.A case study is conducted to validate the method.The results show that using dynamic simulation technology to optimize construction worker allocation can shorten the construction period,the cost and the carbon emissions by 20.43%,6.72%,and 18.31%,respectively.Under the influence of construction on-site worker density,the number of construction workers is not positively correlated with construction period,and has no clear relationship with the cost and carbon emissions.The optimization results indicate the synergy among the construction time,cost,and carbon emissions,but no clear synergy or even mutual exclusion of the three performance indicators.Since the optimization of single performance objective may undermine other performance.When formulating the construction worker allocation plan,the cost,time,and carbon emissions should be comprehensively considered,and trade-offs among multiple performance should be made according to the actual management needs of construction project.

关 键 词：装配式建筑 人员配置优化 动态仿真 流水施工 碳排放 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]