森林放牧对东北虎豹国家公园土壤理化性质和微生物群落组成的影响  

Effects of forest grazing on soil properties and microbial community in the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park

作　　者：胡永春 王丽博 朱逸晓 冯佳伟 王天明[1] HU Yongchun;WANG Libo;ZHU Yixiao;FENG Jiawei;WANG Tianming(NFGA Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard,Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering,Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Beijing Normal University,100875,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]东北虎豹国家公园保护生态学国家林草局重点实验室,生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期661-673,共13页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项资助项目(2021FY100700)。

摘　　要：选取典型的放牧区和非放牧区,采用分层抽样设立了100个样方(放牧区47个、非放牧区53个),采用高通量测序数据并结合大数据分析的方法探讨了森林放牧对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落组成的影响.研究结果显示:放牧显著增加了土壤密度(P=0.005)和电导率(P=0.045),降低了土壤含水量(P=0.022),表明家畜的活动可能已经破坏土壤结构和降低土壤保水能力;放牧区的土壤可交换K+(P=0.015)与Ca2+(P=0.006)、全钙质量分数(P=0.004)显著高于非放牧区,表明放牧干扰加速了国家公园土壤养分积累.通过高通量测序技术,依据97%相似性原则,将细菌序列划分为9488个可操作分类单位(operational taxonomic units,OTUs),真菌序列划分为5676个OTUs.放牧区与非放牧区的土壤细菌和真菌群落组成差异显著,坡度、土壤电导率和植物丰富度是影响土壤细菌群落组成的主要因素,而真菌群落组成受到放牧强度、海拔、坡度、植物丰富度、土壤电导率、全氮和速效磷的显著影响.进一步分析表明:变形菌门的相对丰度与放牧强度、海拔、电导率显著正相关,而与植物丰富度显著负相关;放线菌门的相对丰度与电导率显著正相关;绿弯菌门的相对丰度与电导率、植物丰富度显著正相关;担子菌门的相对丰度与海拔、坡度显著正相关,而与电导率、速效磷质量分数、植物丰富度显著负相关;子囊菌门和孢霉菌门的相对丰度与电导率、速效磷质量分数、植物丰富度显著正相关,而与海拔、坡度显著负相关;罗兹菌门的相对丰度与全氮、速效磷质量分数、植物丰富度显著正相关,而与海拔、坡度显著负相关.本研究表明,长期林下放牧对东北虎豹国家公园土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落结构产生了不同影响,考虑到土壤与其微生物之间的强相互作用,可以预计土壤微生物群落结构的变化将极大地改变土壤功能,这对指导野Long-term forest grazing is a major anthropogenic disturbance in Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park,posing great threat to forest ecosystems due to heterogeneous and unpredictable changes in forest structure,function,and biodiversity.Understanding the responses of soil properties and microbial to grazing is useful for forest management and biodiversity conservation.The effects of long-term forest grazing on soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial community composition in the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park were assessed in this study.Soil samples were collected in the summer in 2021,from 47 cattle-grazed forest plots and 53 un-grazed forest plots.High-throughput sequencing technique was used to analyze soil bacterial and fungal communities in two forest areas.Generalized linear mixed model and non-metric multidimensional scaling were used to assess effects of forest grazing on soil properties and microbiome.Continuous forest grazing was found to significantly increase soil bulk density(P=0.005),soil conductivity(P=0.045),but decrease soil water content(P=0.022);livestock grazing may therefore damage soil structure and reduce soil water retention capacity.Soil exchangeable K+(P=0.015)and Ca2+(P=0.006),soil total calcium(P=0.004)were significantly higher in grazed forests than un-grazed forests,grazing disturbance therefore accelerated soil nutrient accumulation in the National Park.A total of 9488 bacterial operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and 5676 fungal OTUs were obtained according to a 97%sequence similarity level.Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed that composition of soil bacterial and fungal community differed significantly between grazed and un-grazed forests.Soil bacterial community composition was primarily influenced by slope,electrical conductivity,plant richness,whereas fungal community composition was significantly influenced by grazing intensity,elevation,slope,plant richness,electrical conductivity,total nitrogen and available phosphorus.The relative

关 键 词：放牧 土壤理化性质 土壤养分池 土壤微生物群落 国家公园 

分 类 号：Q142[生物学—生态学]