意外情态成分“哪知道”及其反预期情状分析  

Analysis of the Mirative Modality Component“Nazhidao”and Its Counter-expectation Situation

作　　者：刘明奇 Liu Mingqi(Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学,上海200234

出　　处：《柳州职业技术学院学报》2023年第4期100-105,共6页Journal of Liuzhou Vocational & Technical College

摘　　要：现代汉语中由疑问代词“哪”与认知动词“知道”组合而成的疑问结构“哪知道”,因自反预期的触发而产生意外语义,具有情态功能。受“意外三角”理论的影响,“哪知道”在反预期特征的作用下,表达说话者对当前信息的意外性认识,在情绪上具有无奈、愤懑等消极感受。“哪知道”由最初的表示“某人不知道某事”到“言者本人对某事毫不知情”再到“言者或行为主体没料到某事”,其反问功能完全消失,情态功能突出显现,进而成为意外情态成分。“哪知道”的主要功能是衔接前后小句,提醒接收者解码反预期信息,可进一步分析为保留较多意外情态的话语标记。In modern Chinese,the interrogative pronoun“Na”and the cognitive verb“Zhidao”are combined to form the questioning structure“Nazhidao”,which produces mirativity semantics due to the trigger of counter-expectation,and has a modal function.Affected by the“mirative triangle”,“Nazhidao”expresses the speaker’s mirative feelings and cognition of the current information under the effect of pragmatic negation,and has negative feelings such as helplessness and resentment in emotions.“Nazhidao P(M)”is the opposite of the speake’s specific expectation P(M|O)produced under the“individual state of knowledge”O,marks the information that dose not conform to self’s expectation.“Nazhidao”from the initial“someone does not know something”to“the speaker himself does not know something”to“the speaker himself or behavioral agent did not expect something”,its rhetorical function completely disappears,the modality function is prominent,and then becomes an mirative modality component.The main function of“Nazhidao”is to connect the preceding and following clauses,reminding the receiver to decode the counter-expectation information,which can be further analyzed as a discourse marker that retains more mirative modality.

关 键 词：“哪知道” 语用迁移 反预期 意外情态 话语标记 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]