教育内卷何以发生?——基于优绩制的理论思考  

How Does Educational Involution Occur?——Theoretical Considerations Based on Meritocracy

作　　者：孙元涛[1] 熊甸双 SUN Yuantao;XIONG Dianshuang(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2023年第4期5-10,共6页Fudan Education Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大项目“新发展阶段教育促进共同富裕研究”(VFA22003)。

摘　　要：优绩制为分析教育内卷的发生根源提供了新的理论视角。作为优绩制的透明遴选机制,教育被视为促进社会流动、实现阶层跃迁最主要的通道。然而,随着优绩制的推广,教育的“选才”功能逐渐凌驾于“育人”价值之上,进而导致教育内卷的加剧。教育内卷的背后存在三方面的优绩制根源:一是精英阶层在教育角逐中对额外资源的占有导致竞争加剧扩散;二是优绩制的竞争逻辑所带来的系统性暴力使人们陷入西西弗斯般的奋斗“轮回”;三是优绩制的成就逻辑使优绩主体为了维护个人尊严和获得社会承认陷入自我盘剥的牢笼。成功者在“自我实现”的理想幻象中奔竞不息,失败者则不得不背负“平庸”的符号艰难跋涉。Meritocracy offers a new theoretical perspective for analyzing the roots of educational involution.As the most transparent selection mechanism of meritocracy,education is regarded as the most important way to promote social mobility and achieve social stratification transition.With the spread of meritocracy,the"selection"function of education has gradually overridden the"nurturing"value,thus leading to the intensification of educational involution.The root cause of educational involution is threefold:firstly,meritocratic elites need to be nurtured through education,but the elites'appropriation of additional resources in the competition for education leads to the proliferation of competition;secondly,the competitive logic of the merit system creates systematic violence,which leads people into a Sisyphus-like"cycle"of struggle;thirdly,the achievement logic of the merit system makes the subject of merit fall into the prison of self-exploitation to gain social recognition and personal dignity.Whether they succeed or not,all will become victims of the merit system.Those who succeed will run in the idealized illusion of"self-fulfillment",while those who fail will have to struggle with the symbol of"mediocrity"on their backs.

关 键 词：教育内卷 优绩制 社会公平 价值异化 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]