慎子学黄老“无为”治道析论  

Analysis of Shen Tzu’s Learning of Huang-Lao’s“Wuwei”Approach to Governance

作　　者：马腾 胡文琪 Ma Teng;Hu Wenqi

机构地区：[1]暨南大学法学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2023年第5期37-45,共9页The Central Plains Culture Research

摘　　要：黄老“无为”学旨既富于思辨哲理,亦于为政治国方略上简约易操。综观《道德经》等道家著作以及《黄帝四经》《太一生水》等出土黄老文献,可以分疏“无为”而治的多层含义:因循论、道势论、名分论、法度论、倚术论、君心论。《慎子》被奉为道法转关之学,结合传世逸文及简帛《慎子曰恭俭》,可见慎子“学黄老道德之术”而主法术势的学旨甚为显著,可以依循黄老“无为”分疏,对看似散佚的慎子学说予以印证重述。慎子的学说呈现出一套从“天道因则大”的因循之理、“龙蛇乘云雾”的道势之顺、“治国在定分”的名分之正、“任法而弗躬”的法度之制、“君仰成而已”的驭臣之术,最终归于“恭俭以立身”的清心之本。故而,慎子不只力倡君势,其学黄老“无为”而成为一种君主因循天道、正名任法倚术的治道理论。The connotation of Huang-Lao’s“Wuwei”is extremely rich in philosophy,but also in the political strategy of simplicity and ease of operation.Looking at the Taoism writings,such as the Tao Te Ching and the unearthed Huang-Lao literature such as the Four Sutras of the Yellow Emperor and Tai Yi Sheng Shui,we can distinguish the meaning of the multi-layered vein of“Wuwei”and governance:the theory of causality,Taoism potential,name and division,law,reliance on art,and the ruler’s heart.The Shen Tzu is regarded as the science of the transfer of Taoism and Legalism.Combined with the heirloom texts and the Shen Tzu Yue Gong Jian on silk,it can be seen that Shen Tzu“learned the art of Huang-Lao’s morality”and the main purpose of advocating the study of law and art is significant.According to these evidences divided from the meaning of Huang-Lao’s“Wuwei”,the seemingly anonymous doctrine of Shen Tzu can be reconstructed.The doctrine of Shen Tzu presents a set of principles from the principle of“the way of heaven is great”,the obedience of the way of“the dragon and the snake ride on the clouds”,the righteousness of“ruling the country is to set the division”,the system of“use law and not to bow”,and the art of mastering the ministers,which is the technique of“the king’s reliance on minister’s support”,finally it comes down to the essence of“respect and thrift to establish oneself”.Therefore,Shen Tzu not only advocates the power of the ruler,but also learns from Huang-Lao’s“Wuwei”and becomes a kind of ruling theory that the ruler follows the way of heaven,corrects the name and relies on the law.

关 键 词：黄老学派 治道 慎子 无为 

分 类 号：B226.3[哲学宗教—中国哲学]