基于SourceTracker分析牧场环境对乳房炎乳菌群的影响  

Influence of Dairy Farm Environment on Mastitis Milk Microbiota via SourceTracker

作　　者：孟璐[1,2] 胡海燕 董蕾 郑楠[1,2] 王加启[1,2] MENG Lu;HU Haiyan;DONG Lei;ZHENG Nan;WANG Jiaqi(Key Laboratory of Quality&Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,农业农村部奶及奶制品质量安全控制重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,农业农村部奶产品质量安全风险评估实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2023年第9期3872-3883,共12页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1301003);农产品质量安全风险评估(GJFP20220304);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS36);新疆重大科技专项(2020A01001-3-1);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS12)。

摘　　要：乳房炎是奶牛常见的疾病之一,通常是由牧场环境中的病原微生物引起,因此,开展乳房炎病原微生物溯源研究对乳房炎防治具有重要意义。本研究从中国天津某牧场收集了乳房炎乳、牧场环境(空气、饮用水、饲料、粪便、垫料、新垫料及喷淋水)和挤奶厅(前药浴液、后药浴液、前药浴杯、后药浴杯、奶杯、乳头皮肤)样品共计74份,提取可培养微生物DNA和总DNA,进行16S rDNA扩增测序和SourceTracker分析。在采集的74份样品中,共检测到50个不同科水平上的细菌。Beta多样性和ANOSIM分析表明,样品间细菌群落相似性低。乳房炎乳和乳头皮肤及卧床样品的细菌群落结构相似。此外,SourceTracker结果发现,乳头皮肤是奶牛乳房炎的主要污染源,其次是空气、奶杯和粪便,这表明牧场管理会影响奶牛感染乳房炎的情况。因此,牧场应加强管理控制措施,减少或消除牧场中病原微生物的传播风险。Bovine mastitis is the most economically important disease of dairy cattle,which is most commonly caused by pathogens.The pathogens that influenced dairy cows might be from the farm environment.Therefore,the flow of microbes through environments to cow mastitis should be investigated.In this study,mastitis milk,pan barn samples(air,drinking water,feces,feed,bedding material,new bedding material,spray water),and parlour samples(pre teat medicine,post teat medicine,pre medicine cup,post medicine cup,teat dip cup,teat skin)have been collected in a dairy farm in Tianjin,China.Total DNA of culture-based and nonculture-based samples were extracted and then performed 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and SourceTracker.OTU profiles were assigned to 50 families among all the 74 samples.Beta diversity and ANOSIM analysis showed that the similarity of bacteria between the mastitis milk and environment samples was low.In general,the microbial community structure was similar between mastitis milk and teat skin and,to a lesser extent,bedding samples.Moreover,SourceTracker identified the teat skin as the most important source of pollution,followed by air,milk cups and feces,which highlighted the possible effects of farm management practices on bovine mastitis.Therefore,control measures should be introduced to reduce or eliminate the risk of transmission in the dairy farms.

关 键 词：奶牛乳房炎 牧场 挤奶厅 16S rDNA测序 SourceTracker 

分 类 号：Q938.11[生物学—微生物学]