由出土文献看儒墨战国时期的交融  

On the Integration of Confucianism,Mohism,and the Warring States Period from Excavated Documents

作　　者：史大丰[1] SHI Dafeng(School of Literature,Zaozhuang University,Zaozhuang,Shandong 277160,China)

机构地区：[1]枣庄学院文学院,山东枣庄277160

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第5期18-23,共6页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDB065);山东省社会科学规划项目(22CWTJ13);枣庄学院区域文化专项。

摘　　要：儒墨在战国时期并称显学,墨子曾受业于儒术,墨家源于儒家。墨家所反对的,并不是儒家的全部,只是儒家繁缛的礼节、厚葬的奢华、沉湎的音乐、保守的宿命。儒墨在区别的同时,也有更多的相通之处。儒墨之所以能够交融,在于思想层面、社会层面、时代层面的共通之处。儒墨具有共同的道德追求、政治诉求、家国情怀和社会责任感,在内在逻辑上有一些共通之处。墨家的“尚贤”“尚同”“兼爱”“节用”“天志”“明鬼”等思想往往可以在郭店简、上博简、清华简等出土文献和儒家传世文献中得到印证,至于儒家辟墨、墨家非儒,恰恰能够说明战国时期儒墨思想在交锋中交融,在批判中互相吸收。儒墨合流后,墨家道德哲学则融入儒家,墨家的数理逻辑和科学精神保留在工匠技术层面。Confucianism,Mohism,and the Warring States period are both known as Xianxue.Mozi was once trained in Confucianism,and Mohism originated from Confucianism.What the Mohist school op⁃poses is not all about Confucianism,but rather the Confucian rituals,extravagant burials,indulgent music,and conservative fatalism.While Confucianism and Mohism differ,they also have more similarities.The rea⁃son why Confucianism and Mohism can blend lies in the commonalities at the ideological,social,and con⁃temporary levels.Confucianism and Mohism share common moral pursuits,political demands,patriotism,and social responsibility,with some commonalities in their internal logic.The ideas of the Mohist school such as“upholding virtue”“upholding unity”“universal love”“frugality”“heavenly records”and“Ming⁃gui”can often be confirmed in unearthed literature such as Guodian bamboo slips,Shangbo bamboo slips,and Tsinghua bamboo slips,as well as in Confucian handed down literature.As for the Confucianism elimi⁃nating Mohism,Mohism being not Confucianism,it precisely indicates that during the Warring States peri⁃od,the Confucian and Mohist ideas blended in confrontation and absorbed each other in criticism.After the confluence of Confucianism and Mohism,the moral philosophy of Mohism was integrated into Confucian⁃ism,and the mathematical logic and scientific spirit of Mohism were preserved at the level of craftsmanship and technology.

关 键 词：文献 儒家 墨家 战国 交融 

分 类 号：B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学]