清代乡规民约的道德审视——以《圣谕广训》为核心  

Moral Survey of the Rural Rules and Regulations in the Qing Dynasty--Taking The Sacred Edic as an Example

作　　者：韩金 严蓓蓓 HAN Jin;YAN Beibei(Department of Marxism,Nanjing Institute of Engineering,Nanjing 211167,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工程学院马克思主义学院,江苏南京211167

出　　处：《武陵学刊》2023年第5期22-28,共7页Journal of Wuling

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新时代乡村道德建设研究”(22BKS183)。

摘　　要：清代乡规民约的具体内容虽较以往的乡规民约更为细致、具体,但没有实质性突破,这在清代乡规民约的典范之作《圣谕广训》中可见一斑。道德主体关系、经济生产伦理、社会秩序伦理等仍是其主体内容,只是它在执行层面开创了皇权御用制度化的先河。清代乡规民约的御用属性使其工具化、形式化的趋势越来越明显。清代之前的乡规民约主要是通过道德观念、教化理念来引导村民,而清代的《圣谕广训》等乡规民约却假借道德,实质上依靠刑罚礼制来进行规约,基本丧失了乡规民约的属性,直至清朝晚期乡约局的设立才逐步使乡规民约复归其本真样态。尽管如此,清代关于乡规民约的一些做法在今天仍有借鉴价值:乡规民约必须体现国家意志和乡土文化特色。In the Qing Dynasty,rural rules and regulations were more detailed and specific than the past,but there was no substantive breakthrough,which can be seen in The Sacred Edic.Its main content was still about moral subject relationship,economic production ethics,social order ethics and so on,but at the implementation level,it created the institutionalized precedent of imperial power.The"ruling"of the rural rules and regulations made the rural rules and regulations more instrumental and formal.Before the Qing Dynasty,the rural rules and regulations mainly guided villagers through moral concepts and educational ideas,while the rural rules and regulations in the Qing Dynasty like The Sacred Edic were rules and agreements under the disguise of virtue that actually relied on the penalty etiquette system,without the essential attributes of"rural rules and regulations".It was not until the late Qing Dynasty that rural rules and regulations were gradually restored to their original state.However,some practices of rural rules and regulations in the Qing Dynasty still have epochal value today.

关 键 词：清代 乡规民约 《圣谕广训》 

分 类 号：B824[哲学宗教—伦理学] K249[历史地理—历史学]